振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)是(shi)一種(zhong)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)熱處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)通(tong)過振(zhen)動(dong)來(lai)改善(shan)(shan)材料(liao)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)。這種(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍并不有限，它適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)許多不同類型的(de)材料(liao)。振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)金屬(shu)材料(liao)。金屬(shu)材料(liao)通(tong)常(chang)具(ju)有較(jiao)高的(de)硬度和強度，但在一些應用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)，這些特性(xing)可(ke)能(neng)不夠理(li)(li)(li)想。通(tong)過振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，金屬(shu)材料(liao)的(de)晶粒結構可(ke)以得到改善(shan)(shan)，從(cong)而提高其(qi)韌性(xing)和延展性(xing)。這種(zhong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)方法(fa)(fa)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)鋁合(he)金、鋼材等(deng)金屬(shu)材料(liao)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)。振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)也適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)陶(tao)瓷(ci)材料(liao)。陶(tao)瓷(ci)材料(liao)通(tong)常(chang)具(ju)有較(jiao)高的(de)硬度和脆性(xing)，而振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)可(ke)以改善(shan)(shan)其(qi)結構，提高其(qi)韌性(xing)和抗裂性(xing)能(neng)。這種(zhong)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)方法(fa)(fa)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)陶(tao)瓷(ci)制(zhi)品的(de)生產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)陶(tao)瓷(ci)刀具(ju)、陶(tao)瓷(ci)瓷(ci)磚等(deng)。振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)可(ke)以幫助制(zhi)造商(shang)根據(ju)振(zhen)動(dong)條件進(jin)行產(chan)(chan)品的(de)優化設(she)(she)(she)計。杭(hang)州(zhou)振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)振(zhen)動(dong)消除應力原(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)

振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)儀選(xuan)型(xing)(xing)使用(yong)指南(nan)因振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)備(bei)的高(gao)性能(neng)及(ji)(ji)低成本性，很多(duo)(duo)機(ji)(ji)械廠家(jia)(jia)普(pu)(pu)遍采用(yong)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)行應(ying)力消(xiao)除，但(dan)因大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的陌(mo)(mo)生(sheng)，在此簡(jian)單的給予造型(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)選(xuan)用(yong)說明：振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)儀選(xuan)型(xing)(xing)使用(yong)指南(nan)：因振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)備(bei)的高(gao)性能(neng)及(ji)(ji)低成本性，很多(duo)(duo)機(ji)(ji)械廠家(jia)(jia)普(pu)(pu)遍采用(yong)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)行應(ying)力消(xiao)除，但(dan)因大(da)(da)家(jia)(jia)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的陌(mo)(mo)生(sheng)，在此我簡(jian)單的給予造型(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)選(xuan)用(yong)說明：（1）振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)技術目(mu)前成熟(shu)的就是亞(ya)共(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，所謂諧波時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)是行不通的（2）紅外線(xian)等遙控(kong)功能(neng)對一(yi)般機(ji)(ji)械廠家(jia)(jia)根本不必要（3）振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)備(bei)的主機(ji)(ji)部分體積并不大(da)(da)，有的廠家(jia)(jia)為了(le)提升設(she)備(bei)價格用(yong)很大(da)(da)的機(ji)(ji)箱裝主機(ji)(ji)部分，其實只是對客戶(hu)的一(yi)種障(zhang)眼法(fa)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)給金屬殘余應(ying)力消(xiao)除振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)備(bei)通常包(bao)括振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)臺和控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)。

除殘(can)余應(ying)(ying)力(li)值外，決定(ding)(ding)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)寸穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)重要因素是(shi)松弛剛性(xing)，或零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)抗(kang)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能力(li)。有時(shi)雖然零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)具有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)余應(ying)(ying)力(li)，但因其(qi)抗(kang)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能力(li)強(qiang)，而不(bu)致(zhi)造成大的(de)(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。在這一(yi)方面，振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)同樣(yang)表現出明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。由(you)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)載(zai)試驗(yan)結果可知，振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能力(li)不(bu)只高(gao)于未(wei)經(jing)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，也(ye)高(gao)于經(jing)熱時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。通(tong)過振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)而使(shi)材(cai)料(liao)得到強(qiang)化，使(shi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸精度達(da)到穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)。從微(wei)觀(guan)方面分析，振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)可視為一(yi)種以循環載(zai)荷(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)施(shi)加(jia)于零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種附加(jia)應(ying)(ying)力(li)。眾所(suo)周知，工程(cheng)(cheng)上采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)都(dou)不(bu)是(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)體，其(qi)內部存(cun)(cun)在著(zhu)不(bu)同類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)觀(guan)缺陷，鑄鐵中(zhong)更是(shi)存(cun)(cun)在著(zhu)大量形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀各異的(de)(de)(de)(de)切割(ge)金屬機(ji)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)石墨。故而無論是(shi)鋼、鑄鐵或其(qi)他(ta)金屬，其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)觀(guan)缺陷附近都(dou)存(cun)(cun)在著(zhu)不(bu)同程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)力(li)集(ji)中(zhong)。

振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)效設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)是(shi)一(yi)種用(yong)于(yu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)疲勞(lao)壽(shou)命測試和(he)振(zhen)動(dong)疲勞(lao)試驗的專業設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。它通過模擬真實(shi)的振(zhen)動(dong)環境(jing)，對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的振(zhen)動(dong)加(jia)載，以(yi)評估材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的耐久性(xing)和(he)壽(shou)命。在許多行業中(zhong)，如汽車、航空航天、電(dian)(dian)子等，振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)效設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)被普(pu)遍(bian)應用(yong)于(yu)產品(pin)質(zhi)量控制和(he)研發過程中(zhong)。那么，振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)效設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的價(jia)(jia)格(ge)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)成本如何呢(ni)？振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)效設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的價(jia)(jia)格(ge)相對(dui)較高，一(yi)般在幾十萬元到(dao)數百萬元不等，具體價(jia)(jia)格(ge)取(qu)決于(yu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的規格(ge)、功(gong)能(neng)和(he)品(pin)牌等因素。對(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)小企業來說，這(zhe)可能(neng)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)相對(dui)較大的投資。振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)效設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的使(shi)用(yong)成本包括設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)護、能(neng)源消耗(hao)和(he)人員培訓(xun)等方面。設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)維(wei)護是(shi)保證設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)正(zheng)常運行和(he)延長設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命的關(guan)鍵，需要定期進(jin)行設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)檢修和(he)維(wei)護，這(zhe)將增加(jia)使(shi)用(yong)成本。振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)效設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)通常需要大量的電(dian)(dian)能(neng)供(gong)應，因此能(neng)源消耗(hao)也是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)成本的一(yi)部(bu)分。另外，為了正(zheng)確(que)操(cao)作(zuo)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，需要對(dui)操(cao)作(zuo)人員進(jin)行培訓(xun)，以(yi)確(que)保測試結果的準確(que)性(xing)和(he)可靠性(xing)。振(zhen)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)效設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)可以(yi)幫(bang)助(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計師更好(hao)地(di)評估所需材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的性(xing)能(neng)。

振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之所以(yi)得到各(ge)方(fang)面的(de)(de)普遍重視，是(shi)由于它(ta)(ta)具(ju)有如(ru)下(xia)特點：（1）投資(zi)少：與(yu)(yu)熱時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)相比，它(ta)(ta)無需龐大(da)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)爐，可(ke)(ke)節(jie)省占地面積與(yu)(yu)昂貴的(de)(de)設(she)備投資(zi)。現(xian)代(dai)產(chan)(chan)業中的(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)鑄件與(yu)(yu)焊接件，如(ru)采用熱時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)消除(chu)應(ying)力需建造大(da)型(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)爐，不只(zhi)造價昂貴，利用率低(di)，而且(qie)爐內溫度很難(nan)均勻，消除(chu)應(ying)力效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)很差。采用振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)完全(quan)避免這些(xie)題(ti)目(mu)。目(mu)前對長達幾(ji)(ji)米(mi)至(zhi)幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)米(mi)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁、船舶及化工(gong)器(qi)械(xie)的(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)焊接件，多采用振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。（2）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周(zhou)期(qi)短：自然時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)需經幾(ji)(ji)個月(yue)的(de)(de)長期(qi)放置(zhi)，熱時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)亦需經數(shu)十(shi)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)周(zhou)期(qi)方(fang)能完成(cheng)，而振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)一般只(zhi)需振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)數(shu)十(shi)分鐘即可(ke)(ke)完成(cheng)。而且(qie)，振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不受(shou)場地限(xian)制，可(ke)(ke)減少工(gong)件在(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)前后(hou)的(de)(de)往返運輸。如(ru)將振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)備安置(zhi)在(zai)機械(xie)加工(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)線上，不只(zhi)使生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)安排更緊湊，而且(qie)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)消除(chu)加工(gong)過(guo)程中產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)應(ying)力。（3）使用方(fang)便(bian)：振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)備體積小，重量輕，便(bian)于攜帶。由于振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)處(chu)理(li)不受(shou)場地限(xian)制，振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)又可(ke)(ke)攜至(zhi)現(xian)場，所以(yi)這種工(gong)藝與(yu)(yu)熱時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)相比，使用簡便(bian)，適應(ying)性強。振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)設(she)備可(ke)(ke)以(yi)測試產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環境下(xia)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠性和壽命。江蘇振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)焊接件殘余應(ying)力去除(chu)法

振(zhen)動時效的研究可以為振(zhen)動控制和減振(zhen)技術的發展(zhan)提供指(zhi)導(dao)。杭(hang)州振(zhen)動時效振(zhen)動消除應(ying)力原理

振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)適應(ying)(ying)性強可多(duo)次進行：振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)之所以(yi)能(neng)夠(gou)部分(fen)地(di)取代熱(re)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，在實際(ji)當中(zhong)被普遍(bian)應(ying)(ying)用，是(shi)與(yu)該項技術具有的一(yi)些明(ming)顯的優越(yue)(yue)(yue)特征分(fen)不開的。1、投(tou)資少(shao)適用性強：與(yu)傳(chuan)統的熱(re)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)相比它無(wu)需(xu)龐大(da)的時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)爐(lu)，現代工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)中(zhong)的大(da)型(xing)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)與(yu)焊(han)接件(jian)(jian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)多(duo)也越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)，如(ru)采(cai)用熱(re)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)消除(chu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)則需(xu)建(jian)造(zao)(zao)大(da)型(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)爐(lu)，不只造(zao)(zao)價昂貴(gui)、利用率(lv)低(di)，而(er)且爐(lu)內溫度很難均勻(yun)，消除(chu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果差。采(cai)用振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)可以(yi)完全避免(mian)這(zhe)些問題。因此，目前(qian)對長達(da)幾(ji)(ji)米(mi)至幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)米(mi)的橋梁、船(chuan)舶、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)器械的大(da)型(xing)焊(han)接件(jian)(jian)和(he)重達(da)幾(ji)(ji)噸(dun)(dun)至幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)噸(dun)(dun)的超重型(xing)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)，較多(duo)地(di)采(cai)用了振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。2、生(sheng)產周期短效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)高：熱(re)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)往往需(xu)要經過數十(shi)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)的周期方(fang)能(neng)完成，而(er)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)一(yi)般只需(xu)數十(shi)分(fen)鐘(zhong)即可完成。而(er)且，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不受場地(di)限制可減少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)在時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)前(qian)后的往返運輸。如(ru)將(jiang)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)設備安(an)置在機械加工(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產線(xian)上，不只使生(sheng)產安(an)排更(geng)加緊(jin)湊而(er)且可以(yi)消除(chu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)產生(sheng)的應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)。杭州振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)消除(chu)應(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)原理(li)

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