早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點認為(wei)(wei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)指將采購的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)和收到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零部(bu)件，通過(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)轉換和銷(xiao)售等活動傳遞(di)到(dao)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個過(guo)程(cheng)。因此，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)被(bei)視為(wei)(wei)企業內(nei)(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個物流過(guo)程(cheng)，它所(suo)涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)物料(liao)采購、庫存、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和分(fen)銷(xiao)諸部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職能協調問題，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了優(you)化企業內(nei)(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業務(wu)流程(cheng)、降低(di)物流成本，從而提高經營效率。進入20世紀90年代(dai)，人們對供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解又發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化：首先(xian)，由于需求環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，原(yuan)(yuan)來被(bei)排斥在(zai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)之外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)、消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位得到(dao)了前所(suo)未有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視，從而被(bei)納入了供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)。這樣(yang)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)就不再只是(shi)(shi)一(yi)條生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)了，而是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個涵蓋(gai)了整個產(chan)品運動過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增值鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管理需要(yao)(yao)考慮(lv)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)協同，如(ru)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商協同、客(ke)戶(hu)協同等，實現(xian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)各(ge)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協同作業和共(gong)同發(fa)展(zhan)。國際供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管理公司流程(cheng)

供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)是公司與(yu)其供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)之間的(de)網絡(luo)，用(yong)于生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)向買家分(fen)銷(xiao)特定產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。該網絡(luo)包(bao)括(kuo)不(bu)同的(de)活(huo)動、人員、實體(ti)、信息(xi)和(he)(he)資(zi)源。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)還將(jiang)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或服務(wu)從(cong)原始狀(zhuang)態提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給客(ke)戶所(suo)需(xu)的(de)步驟。公司開發(fa)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，以(yi)(yi)便降(jiang)低成(cheng)本并在商(shang)業環境中保持競爭力(li)。而供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)個至(zhi)關(guan)重(zhong)要的(de)過程，因為優化的(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)可以(yi)(yi)降(jiang)低成(cheng)本并縮短生(sheng)產(chan)周期。什么是供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)？顧名思義(yi)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)涉及管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)及其各個方(fang)面：采購原材料(liao)，制(zhi)造，存儲和(he)(he)銷(xiao)售成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，然后(hou)確(que)保它們到達消費(fei)者(zhe)手中。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)必(bi)須跟蹤生(sheng)產(chan)計劃，與(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)和(he)(he)服務(wu)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)商(shang)聯(lian)絡(luo)，并監督物(wu)流(liu)的(de)順利(li)運作(zuo)。效(xiao)率是供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個關(guan)鍵問題(ti)，但它不(bu)是單一(yi)(yi)(yi)問題(ti)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)規劃和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)還關(guan)注一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性(xing)-確(que)保供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)各個方(fang)面以(yi)(yi)可靠的(de)方(fang)式(shi)運作(zuo)，以(yi)(yi)及安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)（包(bao)括(kuo)網絡(luo)安全(quan)(quan)）。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)經(jing)理(li)(li)還必(bi)須確(que)保充分(fen)分(fen)配(pei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、需(xu)求預(yu)測(ce)、庫存管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、倉儲和(he)(he)交付。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)經(jing)理(li)(li)還必(bi)須與(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)和(he)(he)物(wu)流(liu)公司協調他(ta)們的(de)努力(li)。同時，他(ta)們必(bi)須對這(zhe)些(xie)合(he)作(zuo)伙伴進(jin)行(xing)嚴格(ge)的(de)審查，以(yi)(yi)確(que)定他(ta)們是否符(fu)合(he)質量，安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)和(he)(he)可靠性(xing)的(de)必(bi)要標(biao)準。佛山供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)需(xu)要考慮(lv)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)文化建設，如(ru)建立(li)共同價值觀、營造良好企(qi)業文化等，提(ti)高供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)文化的(de)凝(ning)聚力(li)。

供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈是(shi)指產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)和(he)流(liu)通過(guo)程(cheng)中所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)、生產(chan)商(shang)(shang)、分銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)、零售(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)以(yi)及(ji)消費者等成員(yuan)通過(guo)與上(shang)游(you)、下游(you)成員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連接組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡結構。也即(ji)是(shi)由物(wu)(wu)(wu)料獲取、物(wu)(wu)(wu)料加工、并將(jiang)成品(pin)(pin)(pin)送(song)到用戶手中這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部門組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個網(wang)絡。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈一(yi)(yi)般(ban)包括(kuo)(kuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)、商(shang)(shang)流(liu)、信息流(liu)、資金流(liu)四個流(liu)程(cheng)。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈主要具有以(yi)下特(te)征：復雜性、動(dong)態性、響應(ying)(ying)性、交叉性一(yi)(yi)般(ban)來說，構成供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本要素(su)包括(kuo)(kuo)：供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)指給生產(chan)廠(chang)家提(ti)供(gong)原材料或零、部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。廠(chang)家即(ji)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。分銷(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)實現將(jiang)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)送(song)到經營地(di)理范(fan)圍每一(yi)(yi)角落而(er)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)通代理企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。零售(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)將(jiang)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)給消費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)即(ji)上(shang)述企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之外專門提(ti)供(gong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)服務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其中批發(fa)、零售(shou)(shou)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也可(ke)以(yi)統稱為(wei)流(liu)通業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)的概(gai)念(nian)：1-企業通過對產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、信息(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、物流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和資金流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2-從(cong)采購原材料開(kai)始，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)間產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)及(ji)終(zhong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)，由銷(xiao)售(shou)網(wang)絡把產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)送到(dao)(dao)(dao)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者手(shou)(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)。3-它(ta)將供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、分(fen)銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、零售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，直到(dao)(dao)(dao)終(zhong)端消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者，連成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)整體的功(gong)能網(wang)鏈。4-是對從(cong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)到(dao)(dao)(dao)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、信息(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、資金流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和物流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的集成(cheng)管(guan)理(li)，以達到(dao)(dao)(dao)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈價(jia)值的大化。一(yi)(yi)條完(wan)整的供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈應(ying)(ying)包括：供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、分(fen)銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、零售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，以及(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者。從(cong)比較正式的角度看，作為物流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、信息(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、資金流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的關鍵控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)貫穿(chuan)現代企業的每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)環(huan)節。從(cong)采購原材料開(kai)始、到(dao)(dao)(dao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)間產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、部署銷(xiao)售(shou)網(wang)絡、以及(ji)把產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)送到(dao)(dao)(dao)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者手(shou)(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)的整個(ge)(ge)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程，同時(shi)構(gou)(gou)造出供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、分(fen)銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、零售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)直到(dao)(dao)(dao)終(zhong)用戶(hu)(hu)的整體功(gong)能網(wang)鏈結構(gou)(gou)。供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)需要進行客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)關系管(guan)理(li)，以提高(gao)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)滿(man)意(yi)度和忠誠度。

供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理是(shi)圍繞把(ba)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)、制(zhi)造商(shang)、倉庫(ku)(ku)、配送中(zhong)心和渠道商(shang)有機結(jie)合成(cheng)一(yi)體這個(ge)問題來展開的(de)(de)，因此它包括企(qi)業(ye)(ye)許多層次上的(de)(de)活動，包括戰(zhan)(zhan)略層次、戰(zhan)(zhan)術層次和作業(ye)(ye)層次等。1、對(dui)(dui)制(zhi)造商(shang)，成(cheng)本(ben)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)、實現數量(liang)上的(de)(de)折(zhe)扣和穩定的(de)(de)價格、提(ti)高產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)又降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)庫(ku)(ku)存(cun)水平、改善時間管(guan)理、縮短交貨提(ti)前期(qi)和提(ti)高可靠(kao)性。2、對(dui)(dui)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)保證有穩定的(de)(de)市場需求、對(dui)(dui)用戶需求更(geng)好(hao)地(di)理解(jie)、提(ti)高運(yun)作質(zhi)量(liang)、提(ti)高零部件生產(chan)(chan)質(zhi)量(liang)、降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)生產(chan)(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)、提(ti)高對(dui)(dui)買主交貨期(qi)改變的(de)(de)反應(ying)(ying)速度。3、對(dui)(dui)于雙方，可以有效地(di)減少成(cheng)員之間的(de)(de)重復下作，易時除流程(cheng)的(de)(de)多余步(bu)驟，使(shi)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)流程(cheng)低(di)(di)成(cheng)本(ben)、高效化。供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理需要(yao)進行風險管(guan)理，以應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)各種(zhong)不確(que)定性因素(su)。汕(shan)頭電(dian)商(shang)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)模式(shi)有哪些(xie)

供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)需(xu)要考慮供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)風(feng)險(xian)管理(li)，如建立風(feng)險(xian)管理(li)體系、制定應(ying)急預案(an)等(deng)，提高供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)風(feng)險(xian)管理(li)能力。國際供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)公司流程(cheng)

集成化供(gong)應(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)思想(xiang)（VMI思想(xiang)-聯合庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)思想(xiang)）:打破傳統的(de)(de)各(ge)自為政(zheng)的(de)(de)庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式，把供(gong)需雙方(fang)(fang)和管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)捆(kun)綁在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起(qi)，由供(gong)方(fang)(fang)實施對庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)具體管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。體現原(yuan)則(ze)：合作性原(yuan)則(ze)；互(hu)惠原(yuan)則(ze)（雙方(fang)(fang)成本較(jiao)低(di)）；框架協議（目標一(yi)致性原(yuan)則(ze)）；總(zong)體優化原(yuan)則(ze)。好處：降(jiang)低(di)供(gong)應(ying)鏈的(de)(de)庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)水平(ping)，降(jiang)低(di)成本；使用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)獲得高水平(ping)的(de)(de)服務(wu)；建立供(gong)應(ying)商與(yu)零(ling)售商的(de)(de)合作框架；組織結構的(de)(de)變革。運作方(fang)(fang)式：供(gong)應(ying)商提(ti)供(gong)包(bao)括所(suo)有(you)產品的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)軟(ruan)件進行(xing)和決策，用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)也可(ke)以使用(yong)該軟(ruan)件執行(xing)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨決策或了解存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨狀(zhuang)態；供(gong)應(ying)商在(zai)(zai)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)地，用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)執行(xing)決策并(bing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨，但是存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨所(suo)有(you)權歸(gui)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)所(suo)有(you)；供(gong)應(ying)商在(zai)(zai)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)地，用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)執行(xing)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨決策并(bing)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨，在(zai)(zai)沒有(you)出貨前(qian)供(gong)應(ying)商擁有(you)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨所(suo)有(you)權；供(gong)應(ying)商不在(zai)(zai)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)地，但是定期派人用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)執行(xing)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨決策、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨，供(gong)應(ying)商擁有(you)存(cun)(cun)(cun)貨所(suo)有(you)權。國際(ji)供(gong)應(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)公(gong)司流(liu)程

本(ben)文來(lai)自沈陽喜納多采暖工(gong)程有限公司：//zjlong.cn/Article/07a399875.html