輔(fu)助元(yuan)件包括油(you)箱、濾油(you)器、冷卻器、加熱器、蓄能(neng)器、油(you)管(guan)及管(guan)接頭(tou)、密封圈、快換接頭(tou)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)球(qiu)閥、膠管(guan)總成、測壓(ya)(ya)(ya)接頭(tou)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)表、油(you)位計、油(you)溫計等。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)是液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系統中(zhong)傳(chuan)遞能(neng)量的(de)(de)工作介質，有(you)各種礦物油(you)、乳化(hua)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和合成型液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)等幾大類(lei)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系統由信號控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)兩部(bu)分組成，信號控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)分用于(yu)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)部(bu)分中(zhong)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閥動(dong)(dong)(dong)作。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)部(bu)分采用回(hui)路圖方式表示，以表明不同功能(neng)元(yuan)件之(zhi)間的(de)(de)相互關系。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)源(yuan)含有(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵、電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機和液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輔(fu)助元(yuan)件；液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)分含有(you)各種控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閥，用于(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工作油(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)流量、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)和方向(xiang)；執(zhi)行部(bu)分含有(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)(gang)或(huo)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)馬(ma)達，其可按實際要(yao)求來選擇(ze)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)馬(ma)達實現(xian)的(de)(de)是連續回(hui)轉運動(dong)(dong)(dong)，而液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)(gang)實現(xian)的(de)(de)則是往復運動(dong)(dong)(dong)。中(zhong)國澳門(men)非(fei)標液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)缸(gang)(gang)

②運行(xing)中產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)異(yi)物a.由(you)于緩沖柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)別勁而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)鐵(tie)粉或鐵(tie)屑。緩沖裝置的(de)(de)(de)配合(he)間隙很(hen)(hen)小，活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)桿上所受橫(heng)向(xiang)載(zai)荷(he)很(hen)(hen)大(da)時(shi)，可能(neng)引(yin)起燒結(jie)現象(xiang)。這些摩(mo)擦(ca)鐵(tie)粉或者(zhe)因(yin)燒結(jie)而(er)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)已脫(tuo)落掉(diao)的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)碎片將留在缸(gang)(gang)內(nei)(nei)。b.缸(gang)(gang)壁內(nei)(nei)表面的(de)(de)(de)傷痕。活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)動表面壓力高，引(yin)起燒結(jie)現象(xiang)，于是(shi)缸(gang)(gang)體內(nei)(nei)表面發生擠裂，被擠裂的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)脫(tuo)落，留在缸(gang)(gang)內(nei)(nei)，會造成(cheng)(cheng)傷痕。③從(cong)管(guan)路(lu)進(jin)入的(de)(de)(de)異(yi)物，有多種情況。a.清(qing)洗(xi)時(shi)不注(zhu)意(yi)。管(guan)路(lu)安(an)(an)裝好以(yi)后進(jin)行(xing)清(qing)洗(xi)時(shi)，不應通(tong)過(guo)缸(gang)(gang)體，必(bi)須(xu)在缸(gang)(gang)體的(de)(de)(de)油口(kou)前邊加裝旁通(tong)管(guan)路(lu)。這一點很(hen)(hen)重要。否則，管(guan)路(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)異(yi)物將進(jin)入缸(gang)(gang)內(nei)(nei)，一旦進(jin)入，即難以(yi)向(xiang)外(wai)排除，反而(er)變成(cheng)(cheng)向(xiang)缸(gang)(gang)體內(nei)(nei)輸送(song)異(yi)物了。再者(zhe)，清(qing)洗(xi)時(shi)要考慮安(an)(an)裝管(guan)路(lu)操作中所進(jin)異(yi)物的(de)(de)(de)取(qu)出方法。此外(wai)，對管(guan)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)腐蝕等(deng)在管(guan)路(lu)安(an)(an)裝之前即應進(jin)行(xing)酸洗(xi)等(deng)手續，必(bi)須(xu)完全去掉(diao)銹蝕。茂名自鎖液(ye)壓液(ye)壓油缸(gang)(gang)按結(jie)構形式可分(fen)為(wei)活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)式、柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)式、多級伸縮套筒式，齒(chi)輪齒(chi)條式等(deng)；

異(yi)(yi)物(wu)進入(ru)缸(gang)內(nei)的(de)途徑有(you)(you)下列幾種。①進入(ru)缸(gang)內(nei)的(de)異(yi)(yi)物(wu)a.由于保(bao)(bao)管(guan)時(shi)不(bu)(bu)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)使油口敞開(kai)著，將產生時(shi)刻接受(shou)異(yi)(yi)物(wu)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，這(zhe)是 不(bu)(bu)允許的(de)。保(bao)(bao)管(guan)時(shi)必須注(zhu)入(ru)防銹油或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)工作油液，并且塞(sai)好。b.缸(gang)體安(an)(an)(an)裝時(shi)進入(ru)異(yi)(yi)物(wu)。進行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)(an)裝操(cao)作的(de)場所，條(tiao)件(jian)不(bu)(bu)好，無意(yi)(yi)識中即可進入(ru)異(yi)(yi)物(wu)。因此安(an)(an)(an)裝地(di)點周圍必須整(zheng)理(li)干凈(jing)，尤(you)其(qi)是安(an)(an)(an)放零件(jian)的(de)地(di)方一定(ding)要(yao)清掃(sao)干凈(jing)，不(bu)(bu)使其(qi)存(cun)在臟物(wu)。c.零件(jian)上(shang)有(you)(you)"毛刺"，或(huo)(huo)擦(ca)洗不(bu)(bu)充分(fen)。缸(gang)蓋上(shang)的(de)油口或(huo)(huo)緩(huan)沖裝置內(nei)常(chang)有(you)(you)鉆孔(kong)加(jia)工時(shi)留下的(de)毛刺，應加(jia)以注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)，在砂研去(qu)除后再行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)(an)裝。

在分析和設計實(shi)(shi)際(ji)任務時，一般采用(yong)(yong)方(fang)框圖(tu)顯示(shi)設備(bei)中實(shi)(shi)際(ji)運行(xing)狀況。空心(xin)箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)表示(shi)信號(hao)(hao)流，而實(shi)(shi)心(xin)箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)則(ze)(ze)表示(shi)能(neng)量流。基(ji)本液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回(hui)路中的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作順(shun)序—控制(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)（二位(wei)四通換向(xiang)閥(fa)）的(de)(de)(de)換向(xiang)和彈簧(huang)復(fu)位(wei)、執行(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)（雙作用(yong)(yong)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸）的(de)(de)(de)伸(shen)出和回(hui)縮以及溢流閥(fa)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)啟和關閉。對(dui)(dui)于執行(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)和控制(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)，演(yan)示(shi)文(wen)稿(gao)都是基(ji)于相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)回(hui)路圖(tu)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)，這也為(wei)介紹回(hui)路圖(tu)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)作了準備(bei)。根據系(xi)統工作原理，您(nin)可對(dui)(dui)所有回(hui)路依次進(jin)行(xing)編號(hao)(hao)。如果 個執行(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)編號(hao)(hao)為(wei)0，則(ze)(ze)與其(qi)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)標(biao)識符(fu)則(ze)(ze)為(wei)1。如果與執行(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)伸(shen)出相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)標(biao)識符(fu)為(wei)偶(ou)數，則(ze)(ze)與執行(xing)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)回(hui)縮相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)標(biao)識符(fu)則(ze)(ze)為(wei)奇數。不僅應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回(hui)路進(jin)行(xing)編號(hao)(hao)，也應(ying)(ying)對(dui)(dui)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)設備(bei)進(jin)行(xing)編號(hao)(hao)，以便(bian)發(fa)現系(xi)統故障。活塞(sai)桿與缸筒卡住或液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸堵塞(sai)。此時無論如何(he)操(cao)縱，液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸都不動(dong)作或動(dong)作甚(shen)微(wei)。

?靠兩個(ge)螺旋(xuan)(xuan)副降(jiang)液(ye)壓(ya)缸(gang)內活(huo)塞(sai)的(de)(de)直線運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉變(bian)為直線運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與自(zi)轉運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)復(fu)合運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而實(shi)現擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。螺旋(xuan)(xuan)擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)又分單螺旋(xuan)(xuan)擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)雙(shuang)螺旋(xuan)(xuan)兩種(zhong)，現在雙(shuang)螺旋(xuan)(xuan)比較常用(yong)。根據(ju)進油(you)方向，葉片(pian)(pian)將帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉子作往復(fu)擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。葉片(pian)(pian)式(shi)式(shi)：定子塊(kuai)固定在缸(gang)體上，而葉片(pian)(pian)和(he)轉子連(lian)接在一起。擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)液(ye)壓(ya)缸(gang)是輸(shu)出扭矩并實(shi)現往復(fu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)執(zhi)行元(yuan)件，有單葉片(pian)(pian)、雙(shuang)葉片(pian)(pian)、螺旋(xuan)(xuan)擺(bai)(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等幾種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)。有多個(ge)一次(ci)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)活(huo)塞(sai)，各活(huo)塞(sai)逐次(ci)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時，其輸(shu)出速(su)度和(he)輸(shu)出力均是變(bian)化的(de)(de)。此種(zhong)液(ye)壓(ya)缸(gang)常用(yong)于工程機(ji)械(xie)和(he)農業機(ji)械(xie)上。液(ye)壓(ya)缸(gang)是液(ye)壓(ya)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統中的(de)(de)執(zhi)行元(yuan)件， 它是把(ba)液(ye)壓(ya)能(neng)轉換(huan)成機(ji)械(xie)能(neng)的(de)(de)能(neng)量轉換(huan)裝 置。宿(su)遷伺(si)服液(ye)壓(ya)油(you)缸(gang)

有多(duo)個一次(ci)運(yun)動的(de)活(huo)塞，各(ge)活(huo)塞逐次(ci)運(yun)動時，其輸出速度和輸出力均是變化的(de)。中國澳(ao)門(men)非標液壓(ya)(ya)液壓(ya)(ya)油缸(gang)

液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)作用為(wei)通過改變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強增大作用力(li)(li)(li)(li)。一個(ge)(ge)完整的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)由五個(ge)(ge)部分組成，即(ji)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)元件(jian)(jian)、執行元件(jian)(jian)、控制(zhi)元件(jian)(jian)、輔助(zhu)元件(jian)(jian)（附件(jian)(jian)）和(he)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可分為(wei)兩(liang)類：液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)以傳(chuan)遞動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)運動(dong)(dong)為(wei)主要(yao)功能。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)則(ze)要(yao)使液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)輸出(chu)滿足(zu)特(te)定的(de)(de)(de)性能要(yao)求（特(te)別是(shi)動(dong)(dong)態性能）[1]，通常所說的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要(yao)指液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)元件(jian)(jian)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)元件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)作用是(shi)將(jiang)原動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)機械能轉換成液(ye)(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)能，指液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)油泵，它(ta)向整個(ge)(ge)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)泵的(de)(de)(de)結構形式一般有齒輪泵、葉片(pian)泵、柱塞泵和(he)螺桿泵。中(zhong)國澳門(men)非標液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油缸

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