離(li)子(zi)(zi)型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又可按生成的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)離(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)種類分為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)離(li)子(zi)(zi)型(xing)(xing)、陽(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)型(xing)(xing)和兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。凡(fan)親(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)顯(xian)示陰(yin)(yin)離(li)子(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)稱(cheng)為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)離(li)子(zi)(zi)型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);親(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)顯(xian)示陽(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)陽(yang)(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);于(yu)同一分子(zi)(zi)中既有(you)(you)陽(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)親(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)、又有(you)(you)陰(yin)(yin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)親(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)，在(zai)介質的(de)(de)(de)某種pH范(fan)圍內(nei)具有(you)(you)兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)(zi)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，稱(cheng)兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);非離(li)子(zi)(zi)型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不具有(you)(you)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液中離(li)解的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學基(ji)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中不離(li)解為(wei)離(li)子(zi)(zi)，親(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)部分多為(wei)含(han)氧的(de)(de)(de)原子(zi)(zi)團(tuan)，通(tong)常為(wei)聚氧乙烯鏈(lian)或羥基(ji)。此外，還有(you)(you)一些特殊結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，如(ru)含(han)氟表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和含(han)硅表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等。表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可以改變(bian)液體的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)張力(li)，使其變(bian)得更低，從而實現液體之間的(de)(de)(de)混合(he)。重慶(qing)氟碳表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)

工農(nong)業生(sheng)產中，表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)主要用于改變水(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)，如(ru)果(guo)不加以(yi)說明，就是指降低水(shui)的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)。現在表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)普遍(bian)應用于石油、紡織(zhi)、農(nong)藥、醫藥、采礦、食品、民用洗滌等領(ling)域。例如(ru)噴灑農(nong)藥消滅蟲(chong)(chong)害時，農(nong)藥中常(chang)加有少量的(de)(de)潤(run)(run)濕(shi)(shi)劑(ji)(ji)，以(yi)改進藥液(ye)(ye)對植(zhi)物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)潤(run)(run)濕(shi)(shi)程(cheng)度，使藥液(ye)(ye)在植(zhi)物葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)鋪(pu)展，待水(shui)分蒸發(fa)后(hou)，在葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)留下一(yi)薄層均勻的(de)(de)藥劑(ji)(ji)。假如(ru)潤(run)(run)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)不好，葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)藥液(ye)(ye)仍聚成(cheng)液(ye)(ye)滴狀(zhuang)，就容易滾落，或者是水(shui)分蒸發(fa)后(hou)留下斷斷續續的(de)(de)藥劑(ji)(ji)斑點(dian)，影響殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)效果(guo)。安徽(hui)生(sheng)物表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)供應商表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)是一(yi)種化(hua)學物質(zhi)，能夠降低液(ye)(ye)體表(biao)面(mian)(mian)張(zhang)力。

活(huo)性(xing)劑和其他助(zhu)劑的(de)發(fa)展應該(gai)滿足環保，節能(neng)(neng)的(de)要(yao)求,其發(fa)展趨勢可(ke)以(yi)概括(kuo)(kuo)為(wei)以(yi)下幾(ji)點(dian):表面活(huo)性(xing)削要(yao)高效(xiao)、多功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，除有清潔作用外，表面活(huo)性(xing)劑要(yao)高效(xiao)、多功(gong)能(neng)(neng),除有清潔形還要(yao)有抑菌(jun)、殺(sha)菌(jun)、滋潤皮(pi)膚(fu)等作用,并應不(bu)斷開發(fa)新用化品(pin)用表面活(huo)性(xing)劑就是近年(nian)新開發(fa)出的(de),它對產品(pin)的(de)要(yao)求嚴格,例如(ru)皮(pi)膚(fu)保濕(shi)、去(qu)皺、增白等。化救品(pin)通過皮(pi)膚(fu)的(de)吸收后(hou)影(ying)響機體(ti)的(de)新陳(chen)代謝,達到真正的(de)美容，效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)要(yao)能(neng)(neng)感(gan)覺到或看(kan)到。耐硬水、低溫洗滌(di)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)好濃縮(suo)(suo)的(de)表面活(huo)性(xing)劑洗滌(di)用品(pin)是一(yi)個發(fa)展方向,這(zhe)包括(kuo)(kuo)濃縮(suo)(suo)洗衣粉和濃縮(suo)(suo)液體(ti)洗滌(di)劑。

表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)結(jie)構與(yu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)關系：1．親(qin)(qin)疏平衡值(zhi)與(yu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)關系H.L.B值(zhi)：表(biao)示表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)水(shui)疏水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能（Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance）表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要呈現特有(you)的(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，必須(xu)使疏水(shui)基和親(qin)(qin)水(shui)基之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)平衡。石蠟HLB值(zhi)=0（無親(qin)(qin)水(shui)基） 聚乙(yi)二醇HLB值(zhi)=20（完全親(qin)(qin)水(shui)）對陰(yin)離子(zi)表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，可(ke)通(tong)過乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)標準油來確定HLB值(zhi)。HLB值(zhi) 15~18 13~15 8~8 7~9 3.5~6 1.5~3用途 增溶劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 洗滌劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 油/水(shui)型乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 潤濕(shi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 水(shui)/油乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji) 消泡劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)HLB值(zhi)可(ke)作為選用表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)參考依(yi)據。表(biao)面(mian)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還可(ke)以用于制(zhi)備液(ye)晶材料，例如液(ye)晶顯示器。

在(zai)衣用洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用，氨(an)基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)表面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)泡沫性(xing)(xing)能，并且能夠(gou)使(shi)織物具有更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)柔(rou)軟(ruan)性(xing)(xing)，不會(hui)損傷織物纖(xian)維，使(shi)得(de)它在(zai)衣料用液(ye)體洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中有著很重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。由丙(bing)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、甘氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、絲氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、谷氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、天冬氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)等衍生出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)N-酰(xian)基氨(an)基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)表面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具有低(di)溫抗(kang)凍性(xing)(xing)，應(ying)用于(yu)液(ye)體洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)配(pei)方中，可防止洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)低(di)溫形(xing)成(cheng)凝膠(jiao)而導(dao)致無法(fa)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。Miyamoto研究了基于(yu)N-酰(xian)基丙(bing)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)表面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，該洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和(he)去污(wu)力，洗(xi)(xi)后(hou)衣物柔(rou)軟(ruan)。Nozaki研究了以(yi)N-酰(xian)基-1-羥基丙(bing)氨(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉為主表面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，結果表明(ming)：該洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)皮(pi)膚的(de)(de)(de)(de)刺激(ji)性(xing)(xing)小、抗(kang)硬(ying)水性(xing)(xing)能好、且具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)去污(wu)力。表面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可以(yi)用于(yu)制備聚合物纖(xian)維，例如(ru)聚酰(xian)胺纖(xian)維。山(shan)西表面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)怎么樣

表(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性劑可(ke)以(yi)保護金屬表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，防止其(qi)氧化和腐蝕。重慶(qing)氟碳表(biao)(biao)面(mian)活性劑

在(zai)洗(xi)護產(chan)(chan)品中的應用，氨(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)對皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)和(he)眼睛的刺(ci)激性(xing)(xing)小，且氨(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)脫脂(zhi)力不強，洗(xi)后膚(fu)(fu)感好，不會覺得(de)干(gan)燥，長(chang)期使用也不會損(sun)(sun)害皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)和(he)頭(tou)發，而(er)且對皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)和(he)頭(tou)發還有一定的調(diao)理作(zuo)用。李玢潔等以(yi)氨(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)，并與(yu)椰油基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)羥乙基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)磺酸(suan)(suan)鈉復配，制(zhi)備(bei)出了(le)溫和(he)型潔面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)乳(ru)。該潔面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)乳(ru)外觀(guan)均(jun)勻、泡沫豐(feng)富細膩，洗(xi)后臉部爽滑(hua)、舒(shu)適、皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)不緊繃。何齊等以(yi)N-酰基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)谷氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)鈉、烷基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)糖苷(gan)和(he)脂(zhi)肪醇聚氧(yang)乙烯(xi)醚硫酸(suan)(suan)鈉制(zhi)備(bei)了(le)洗(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)奶，該洗(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)奶的起泡性(xing)(xing)、水溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)和(he)洗(xi)凈力均(jun)優于市售的同類產(chan)(chan)品，且該款洗(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)奶的pH為(wei)弱酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)至中性(xing)(xing)，接近皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)的pH值，不會損(sun)(sun)傷皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)。氨(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)在(zai)洗(xi)發香(xiang)(xiang)波中的應用也有相(xiang)關的報(bao)道，曾茜(qian)等以(yi)N-月桂酰丙氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)鈉為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)與(yu)椰油酰基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)甲基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)牛磺酸(suan)(suan)鈉復配制(zhi)得(de)了(le)一款無硅油型香(xiang)(xiang)波，該香(xiang)(xiang)波具有去污力好、相(xiang)容性(xing)(xing)好、刺(ci)激性(xing)(xing)小、成本低的特(te)點。重(zhong)慶氟碳表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)

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