集成(cheng)化供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)思想(xiang)（VMI思想(xiang)-聯(lian)合(he)(he)(he)庫存(cun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)思想(xiang)）:打破傳統的(de)(de)各自為政的(de)(de)庫存(cun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)模式，把供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需雙(shuang)方和管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)捆綁在一起，由供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方實施對庫存(cun)的(de)(de)具體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。體(ti)現(xian)原(yuan)則：合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)性原(yuan)則；互惠原(yuan)則（雙(shuang)方成(cheng)本較(jiao)低(di)）；框(kuang)(kuang)架協議（目標一致性原(yuan)則）；總體(ti)優化原(yuan)則。好處：降(jiang)低(di)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)(de)庫存(cun)水平，降(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本；使用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)獲得(de)高(gao)水平的(de)(de)服(fu)務；建立供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)與零售商(shang)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)框(kuang)(kuang)架；組織結構的(de)(de)變革。運作(zuo)(zuo)方式：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)包括所(suo)(suo)有(you)產品的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)軟件進行(xing)和決(jue)(jue)策，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)也可(ke)以使用(yong)(yong)該軟件執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)決(jue)(jue)策或了(le)解存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)狀態(tai)；供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)在用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)(suo)在地，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)決(jue)(jue)策并(bing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)，但是(shi)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)有(you)權歸用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)(suo)有(you)；供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)在用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)(suo)在地，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)決(jue)(jue)策并(bing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)，在沒(mei)有(you)出貨(huo)(huo)(huo)前供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)擁有(you)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)有(you)權；供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)不(bu)在用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)所(suo)(suo)在地，但是(shi)定期(qi)派人用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)決(jue)(jue)策、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)擁有(you)存(cun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)所(suo)(suo)有(you)權。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)需要考慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)伙伴關系，如建立長(chang)期(qi)合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)關系、共同發展等，提高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)伙伴的(de)(de)忠誠度。電(dian)商(shang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈服(fu)務公(gong)司

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈是指產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)和流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)材(cai)料供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商、生(sheng)產(chan)商、分銷(xiao)商、零(ling)售(shou)(shou)商以(yi)(yi)及(ji)消費者(zhe)等(deng)(deng)成(cheng)員(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)與(yu)上(shang)游、下游成(cheng)員(yuan)的(de)(de)連接(jie)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)網(wang)絡結構。也即是由物料獲取、物料加工、并將(jiang)成(cheng)品(pin)送到用戶(hu)手中(zhong)(zhong)這一(yi)(yi)過(guo)程所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)和企(qi)業(ye)部門組成(cheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)網(wang)絡。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈一(yi)(yi)般包(bao)括(kuo)物流(liu)(liu)、商流(liu)(liu)、信息流(liu)(liu)、資金流(liu)(liu)四(si)個(ge)流(liu)(liu)程。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈主要(yao)(yao)具有以(yi)(yi)下特征：復雜性(xing)(xing)、動(dong)態性(xing)(xing)、響應(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)、交(jiao)叉性(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)般來(lai)說，構成(cheng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)要(yao)(yao)素包(bao)括(kuo)：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商指給生(sheng)產(chan)廠家提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原(yuan)材(cai)料或(huo)零(ling)、部件的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)。廠家即產(chan)品(pin)制造業(ye)。分銷(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)為實現(xian)將(jiang)產(chan)品(pin)送到經(jing)營地理(li)(li)范(fan)圍每一(yi)(yi)角落(luo)而設(she)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)代理(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)。零(ling)售(shou)(shou)企(qi)業(ye)將(jiang)產(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)給消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)。物流(liu)(liu)企(qi)業(ye)即上(shang)述企(qi)業(ye)之外專(zhuan)門提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)物流(liu)(liu)服務(wu)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)。其中(zhong)(zhong)批發、零(ling)售(shou)(shou)、物流(liu)(liu)業(ye)也可以(yi)(yi)統稱為流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)業(ye)。肇慶全球供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈體系供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管理(li)(li)需要(yao)(yao)考慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈人才培(pei)養，如(ru)培(pei)養供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管理(li)(li)人才、提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈員(yuan)工素質(zhi)等(deng)(deng)，提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管理(li)(li)水(shui)平。

在(zai)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)“企(qi)業(ye)A—企(qi)業(ye)B—企(qi)業(ye)C”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，企(qi)業(ye)A是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)B的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材料(liao)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商，企(qi)業(ye)C是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)B的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷售(shou)商。如果企(qi)業(ye)B忽視了(le)(le)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各要素的(de)(de)(de)相互(hu)依存關系(xi)(xi)，而過分注重(zhong)自(zi)身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部發展(zhan)，生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)能力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)高，但如果企(qi)業(ye)A不(bu)(bu)(bu)能及時向他提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)原(yuan)材料(liao)，或者(zhe)企(qi)業(ye)C的(de)(de)(de)銷售(shou)能力(li)跟不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)企(qi)業(ye)B產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，那(nei)么我們(men)可以得出這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)結論：企(qi)業(ye)B生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)適應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)這條(tiao)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)整體效(xiao)(xiao)率。注：“價值鏈(lian)”，它與(yu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)是(shi)同一個觀念。還有提(ti)(ti)到的(de)(de)(de)所謂全球運籌管(guan)(guan)理，實(shi)際上(shang)(shang)也跟供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)是(shi)相通的(de)(de)(de)，所講的(de)(de)(de)范疇都是(shi)一樣(yang)。國家標準《物流術語》將(jiang)(jiang)其定義為(wei)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)與(yu)流通過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所涉及將(jiang)(jiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或服務(wu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)給用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)游(you)與(yu)下游(you)企(qi)業(ye)所形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)網鏈(lian)結構。隨(sui)著3G、4G，甚至5G移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)網絡不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷迭代，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)已經進入了(le)(le)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時代。移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)，是(shi)利用(yong)無(wu)線網絡實(shi)現供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術。它將(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)有供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)客戶關系(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)理功能遷(qian)移(yi)(yi)到手機。移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)具有傳統(tong)(tong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)無(wu)法比(bi)擬的(de)(de)(de)優越性。移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)使業(ye)務(wu)擺脫時間和場所局限，隨(sui)時隨(sui)地(di)與(yu)公司進行業(ye)務(wu)平(ping)臺溝通，有效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)高管(guan)(guan)理效(xiao)(xiao)率，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)企(qi)業(ye)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)增長。數碼星辰的(de)(de)(de)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)就是(shi)一個集3G移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)技(ji)術、智能移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)終端、VPN、身(shen)(shen)份(fen)認證(zheng)、地(di)理信(xin)息系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。

供(gong)應鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)內(nei)容：涉及五個(ge)領域：需求、計(ji)劃(hua)、物(wu)流、供(gong)應和(he)逆向物(wu)流。供(gong)應鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)是以同步化(hua)(hua)、集成化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)計(ji)劃(hua)為(wei)(wei)指導，以各種技術(shu)為(wei)(wei)支持，尤(you)其以互聯網為(wei)(wei)依(yi)托，圍繞供(gong)應、生(sheng)產(chan)、物(wu)流（主要指制造過程）、滿(man)足需求來實(shi)施的(de)。21世紀全(quan)球市場競爭的(de)特點：1.產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)周期(qi)越(yue)來越(yue)短；2.產(chan)品品種數飛速增(zeng)加；3.對(dui)縮短交(jiao)貨期(qi)的(de)要求越(yue)來越(yue)高；4.對(dui)產(chan)品和(he)服務質(zhi)量的(de)期(qi)望越(yue)來越(yue)高。傳統“縱向一體化(hua)(hua)”模(mo)式：1.增(zeng)加企業(ye)(ye)(ye)投資負擔；2.承擔喪失市場時機的(de)風(feng)險；3.迫使企業(ye)(ye)(ye)從事不擅長的(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務活動(dong)；4.在每個(ge)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務領域都直接面(mian)臨(lin)眾(zhong)多競爭對(dui)手；5.增(zeng)大企業(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)風(feng)險。供(gong)應鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)需要考慮供(gong)應鏈(lian)風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)理(li)，如建立風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)理(li)體系(xi)、制定應急預案(an)等，提(ti)高供(gong)應鏈(lian)風(feng)險管(guan)(guan)理(li)能力。

早期的(de)(de)(de)觀點認為供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)是指將采(cai)(cai)購的(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料和(he)(he)收(shou)到的(de)(de)(de)零部(bu)件，通過生產(chan)(chan)轉(zhuan)換和(he)(he)銷售等(deng)活動傳遞到用戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)一個過程(cheng)(cheng)。因此(ci)，供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)被(bei)視為企業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)一個物流(liu)過程(cheng)(cheng)，它(ta)所(suo)涉及的(de)(de)(de)主要是物料采(cai)(cai)購、庫(ku)存、生產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)分銷諸部(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)職能協調問題，目的(de)(de)(de)是為了(le)優化企業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)、降(jiang)低物流(liu)成本，從而提高(gao)經營(ying)效率(lv)。進入20世(shi)紀90年(nian)代，人們對供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)解又發生了(le)新的(de)(de)(de)變化：首先(xian)，由(you)于(yu)需求環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)變化，原來被(bei)排斥在(zai)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)之外的(de)(de)(de)用戶(hu)、消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)得到了(le)前所(suo)未(wei)有的(de)(de)(de)重視，從而被(bei)納入了(le)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍。這樣，供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)就不再只是一條生產(chan)(chan)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)了(le)，而是一個涵蓋了(le)整個產(chan)(chan)品(pin)運動過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)增值鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)。供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)需要進行采(cai)(cai)購管理(li)，以實現采(cai)(cai)購成本控制和(he)(he)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)穩定。佛山服裝供應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)成本是多(duo)少

供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈管理需(xu)要考慮供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈智(zhi)能化(hua)，如采用(yong)人工智(zhi)能、大數據(ju)等技(ji)術，提高供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)智(zhi)能化(hua)水(shui)平和效(xiao)率。電商(shang)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈服務公(gong)司

供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指圍繞關鍵企(qi)(qi)業，從配套零件開始(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)間產品(pin)(pin)以及產品(pin)(pin)，由(you)銷(xiao)售(shou)網(wang)絡把產品(pin)(pin)送(song)到(dao)消費(fei)者手中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)、將供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)，制(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)，分銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)直到(dao)用(yong)戶連成(cheng)(cheng)一個整體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)網(wang)鏈(lian)結(jie)構。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)經營理(li)念是(shi)(shi)(shi)從消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)企(qi)(qi)業間的(de)(de)(de)協作，謀求供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)整體(ti)佳化。成(cheng)(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)能(neng)夠協調并整合(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)動，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)無(wu)縫連接的(de)(de)(de)一體(ti)化過(guo)(guo)程。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)概念是(shi)(shi)(shi)從擴大(da)生產概念發展來的(de)(de)(de)，它將企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)生產活(huo)(huo)動進行了前伸和(he)后延。日(ri)本(ben)豐田(tian)公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)精益(yi)協作方式中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)將供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)動視為(wei)(wei)生產活(huo)(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)有機組成(cheng)(cheng)部分而(er)加以控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)協調。哈理(li)森（Harrison）將供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)定義為(wei)(wei)：“供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)執行采(cai)購(gou)原材料，將它們轉換(huan)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)間產品(pin)(pin)和(he)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin)，并且將成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)售(shou)到(dao)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)網(wang)鏈(lian)。”美國的(de)(de)(de)史蒂(di)文斯（Stevens）認為(wei)(wei)：“通(tong)過(guo)(guo)增值過(guo)(guo)程和(he)分銷(xiao)渠道控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)從供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)到(dao)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)，它開始(shi)于供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)點，結(jie)束(shu)于消費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)點。”因(yin)此，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)計劃（Plan）、獲得（Obtain）、存儲（Store）、分銷(xiao)（Distribute）、服務（Serve）等這樣(yang)一些活(huo)(huo)動而(er)在(zai)顧客(ke)(ke)和(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)之間形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)銜接（Interface），從而(er)使企(qi)(qi)業能(neng)滿(man)足內(nei)外部顧客(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)需求。電商(shang)(shang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)服務公司(si)

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