使用FTA時(shi)，可以(yi)確定(ding)導致頂層(ceng)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)或部分(fen)(fen)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)邏輯(ji)連接，并通(tong)過(guo)(guo)圖形形式顯示出來(lai)。這個分(fen)(fen)析的(de)(de)(de)意義不僅只是揭示失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)，還包括(kuo)他們之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)函(han)數相關(guan)性(xing)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)FTA，可以(yi)達(da)到(dao)以(yi)下目的(de)(de)(de)：確定(ding)所有會導致頂層(ceng)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)可能失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)和(he)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)以(yi)及失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)原因(yin)。顯示特別重大的(de)(de)(de)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)時(shi)間之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)聯（比如會導致頂層(ceng)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)不正確的(de)(de)(de)功能）。需要時(shi)可以(yi)計算可靠性(xing)參量，比如頂層(ceng)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)發(fa)生概率或系(xi)(xi)統(tong)有效(xiao)性(xing)。達(da)到(dao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)概念的(de)(de)(de)客觀(guan)評價標準。獲得(de)關(guan)于失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)機制和(he)其函(han)數相關(guan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)清晰且簡單易懂的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)檔(dang)。FTA故障(zhang)樹(shu)分(fen)(fen)析需要進行(xing)多種溝通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)方式和(he)渠道，包括(kuo)面(mian)對面(mian)交流、在線會議、電(dian)子郵件(jian)(jian)(jian)等。西(xi)安FTA集成加(jia)密系(xi)(xi)統(tong)

簡單描述了故障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)每個(ge)(ge)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符號(hao)，簡化起見，下(xia)表中(zhong)的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符號(hao)只有一個(ge)(ge)輸入和(he)(或(huo))一個(ge)(ge)輸出(chu)(chu)。底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(BottomEvent)：只導致其(qi)他事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)位于所(suo)討論(lun)的(de)故障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)底(di)(di)(di)端，總(zong)是(shi)某個(ge)(ge)邏輯門的(de)輸入事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而不是(shi)輸出(chu)(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)分為基本(ben)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與未(wei)探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。基本(ben)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(BasicEvent，BE)：無須探(tan)明(ming)其(qi)發(fa)生原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)的(de)底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。BE位于故障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)底(di)(di)(di)端，是(shi)頂事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)根本(ben)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。基本(ben)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用圓形符號(hao)表示，它有一個(ge)(ge)輸入，但沒(mei)有輸出(chu)(chu)。未(wei)探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(UnderdevelopedEvent)：原(yuan)(yuan)則上應(ying)進一步探(tan)明(ming)其(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)但暫時不必或(huo)者(zhe)暫時不能探(tan)明(ming)其(qi)原(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)的(de)底(di)(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。發(fa)生的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不是(shi)基本(ben)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，但沒(mei)有足(zu)夠的(de)信息來發(fa)展一個(ge)(ge)子樹(shu)(shu)，這樣的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被標記為未(wei)探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。未(wei)探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用菱形表示。成都(dou)FTA質量過程FTA故障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)分析需要進行多種溝(gou)通的(de)保密(mi)和(he)安全，包(bao)括保護知識產權、保護商業機密(mi)、保護個(ge)(ge)人隱私等(deng)。

結(jie)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(ResultantEvent)：由其他(ta)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)或事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)組合(he)所(suo)導致(zhi)的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)。結(jie)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)總位于某個(ge)邏(luo)輯(ji)門的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)端(duan)結(jie)果，分為頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)和中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)，用矩形符(fu)號(hao)(hao)表示。頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(TopEvent，TE)：所(suo)有(you)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)聯合(he)發生(sheng)作用的(de)結(jie)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)。頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)位于故障樹的(de)頂(ding)(ding)端(duan)，總是所(suo)討論故障樹中(zhong)邏(luo)輯(ji)門的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)而不是輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作。頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)用矩形符(fu)號(hao)(hao)表示，它(ta)有(you)一個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，但沒有(you)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入。中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(IntermediateEvent)：位于底事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)和頂(ding)(ding)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)結(jie)果事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)。中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)既是某個(ge)邏(luo)輯(ji)門的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)，同時又是別的(de)邏(luo)輯(ji)門的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)。BE引(yin)起(qi)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)，而中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)會引(yin)起(qi)TE。中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)用矩形表示，它(ta)有(you)一個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入和一個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。

在分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)系(xi)統故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時，開始建立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)不是(shi)簡(jian)(jian)(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以可(ke)以對(dui)其進行簡(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)方法(fa)(fa)是(shi)借助于(yu)邏(luo)輯(ji)(ji)(ji)代數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)輯(ji)(ji)(ji)規(gui)則(ze)進行簡(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)。因此，首(shou)先介(jie)紹了(le)幾種基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邏(luo)輯(ji)(ji)(ji)關系(xi)和邏(luo)輯(ji)(ji)(ji)運算(suan)規(gui)則(ze)，以及(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)功(gong)能，舉例說明(ming)了(le)簡(jian)(jian)(jian)化(hua)方法(fa)(fa)。什么(me)是(shi)FTA故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)法(fa)(fa)？FTA是(shi)英文FaultTreeAnalysis的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)(jian)(jian)寫，意思是(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)，是(shi)一種從上往(wang)(wang)下從需要分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)事件(jian)開始，逐步向(xiang)下追查導致故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因直到(dao)較底層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本事件(jian)（底事件(jian)）。因為整(zheng)個結構(gou)形似(si)樹(shu)(shu)狀，所以稱之為故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)。FTA故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)可(ke)以幫助制定應(ying)急計劃，以應(ying)對(dui)系(xi)統中發生(sheng)意外(wai)事件(jian)或故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能性。

表(biao)決(jue)門(men)(men)(k/N；VotingGate；CombinatorialGate)：表(biao)示(shi)(shi)只當(dang)N個(ge)(ge)輸(shu)(shu)入事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)有k個(ge)(ge)或(huo)k個(ge)(ge)以上(shang)(shang)的(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)時，輸(shu)(shu)出事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)才發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。表(biao)決(jue)門(men)(men)符(fu)號(hao)類似于(yu)或(huo)門(men)(men)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)底端寫有"k/N"。或(huo)門(men)(men)和(he)與門(men)(men)都是(shi)(shi)表(biao)決(jue)門(men)(men)的(de)特例(li)，當(dang)k=1時是(shi)(shi)或(huo)門(men)(men)，當(dang)k=N時是(shi)(shi)與門(men)(men)。禁(jin)門(men)(men)(InhibitGate)：類似于(yu)與門(men)(men)，表(biao)示(shi)(shi)只當(dang)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)時，輸(shu)(shu)入事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)才導(dao)致輸(shu)(shu)出事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。其符(fu)號(hao)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)(ge)六(liu)邊形。輸(shu)(shu)入事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)連接在(zai)(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)的(de)正下方，頂部是(shi)(shi)輸(shu)(shu)出事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，而(er)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)連接在(zai)(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)的(de)右(you)邊。非門(men)(men)(NotGate)：表(biao)示(shi)(shi)輸(shu)(shu)出事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)輸(shu)(shu)人事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)對立事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)動作的(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)稱之為事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符(fu)號(hao)用(yong)于(yu)表(biao)示(shi)(shi)主要事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)中(zhong)間(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。主要事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不會在(zai)(zai)(zai)故障樹上(shang)(shang)進(jin)一步發(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出處可以找(zhao)到中(zhong)間(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)FTA故障樹分析中(zhong)，需要根(gen)據故障發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)各種可能性和(he)概率，確(que)定分析結果的(de)準確(que)性。成都FTA質(zhi)量過程

FTA故障(zhang)樹分(fen)析的應(ying)用范(fan)圍普遍，包括航(hang)空、航(hang)天(tian)、核(he)能、電力、交通、醫療、化工(gong)、制造等領域。西安FTA集成(cheng)加密系統

FTA有哪些(xie)特點？聰脈（上海）信息(xi)技術有限公司小(xiao)編(bian)介紹，故(gu)障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)以作(zuo)為(wei)管(guan)理(li)人員(yuan)及維(wei)修(xiu)人員(yuan)的(de)一個(ge)形(xing)象的(de)管(guan)理(li)、維(wei)修(xiu)指南，因(yin)此，用來培訓長期使用大型復雜(za)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)人員(yuan)更有意義；通過故(gu)障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)以定量的(de)求出(chu)復雜(za)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)失(shi)效概率和(he)其他可(ke)靠性特征量，為(wei)改(gai)進和(he)評估系(xi)統(tong)的(de)可(ke)靠性提(ti)供定量數據；故(gu)障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)析的(de)發(fa)展與(yu)電子計(ji)算機技術的(de)發(fa)展緊密相聯(lian)，圖(tu)像信息(xi)技術也(ye)已經(jing)應用在(zai)故(gu)障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)析中，因(yin)此，編(bian)制(zhi)計(ji)算程序(xu)是故(gu)障(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)析中不(bu)可(ke)缺少(shao)的(de)一部分(fen)；數據收集(ji)困(kun)難。西安FTA集(ji)成加密系(xi)統(tong)

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