眾所(suo)周知(zhi)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)是大(da)多數公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分，對(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成功(gong)和(he)(he)客戶滿意(yi)度至關重要。1.提高(gao)(gao)適(shi)應性，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)允許公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)快(kuai)速(su)響應客戶需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，從而幫助公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)變(bian)(bian)得更(geng)加敏(min)捷。它通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)允許公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)快(kuai)速(su)響應不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)條(tiao)件來提高(gao)(gao)適(shi)應性。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)簡(jian)化(hua)(hua)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)流(liu)程，公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)可(ke)以更(geng)容易地(di)將新產(chan)(chan)品推向市(shi)場(chang)，并(bing)根據需求調整(zheng)產(chan)(chan)量。2.提供(gong)(gong)(gong)互(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)使公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)能(neng)夠與供(gong)(gong)(gong)應商(shang)和(he)(he)客戶建立聯(lian)系，以更(geng)好地(di)協作(zuo)和(he)(he)共享資(zi)源。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)這種合作(zuo)，公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)可(ke)以簡(jian)化(hua)(hua)流(liu)程，改(gai)善溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，并(bing)創建更(geng)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)。這可(ke)以增加利潤和(he)(he)客戶滿意(yi)度。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)將供(gong)(gong)(gong)應商(shang)、制造商(shang)、分銷商(shang)和(he)(he)零售商(shang)聯(lian)系在(zai)一(yi)起，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)可(ke)確(que)保每個人(ren)都(dou)朝(chao)著(zhu)同一(yi)目標努(nu)力。3.集成流(liu)程，整(zheng)合是協調和(he)(he)調整(zheng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動以實現效(xiao)率和(he)(he)規模經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程。集成本(ben)質(zhi)上意(yi)味著(zhu)在(zai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同部分創建無縫的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息和(he)(he)資(zi)源流(liu)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)這樣做，公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)可(ke)以消除瓶頸(jing)，改(gai)善溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)協作(zuo)，并(bing)降低成本(ben)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)集成對(dui)(dui)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)來說(shuo)非常重要，因為它有助于確(que)保以協調和(he)(he)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)來管(guan)理(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各個組成部分。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)需要考慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)品牌建設(she)，如提高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)品品質(zhi)、樹立品牌形象(xiang)等，提高(gao)(gao)企業品牌價值和(he)(he)市(shi)場(chang)競爭力。物流(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應鏈(lian)(lian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)

早期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點認(ren)為供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)指(zhi)將采(cai)購的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材料(liao)和(he)(he)收(shou)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零部(bu)(bu)件(jian)，通過(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)轉(zhuan)換(huan)和(he)(he)銷售等(deng)活(huo)動傳(chuan)遞(di)到用戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)。因此，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)被視(shi)為企業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)物流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)程(cheng)，它所涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)是(shi)物料(liao)采(cai)購、庫存、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)分銷諸部(bu)(bu)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職能(neng)協調問題，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)為了(le)優化(hua)企業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)、降低物流(liu)(liu)(liu)成本，從而(er)提高經營效率(lv)。進入20世紀90年(nian)代，人們對供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解又發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)：首先，由于(yu)需求環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，原(yuan)來被排(pai)斥在(zai)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)之外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用戶、消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位得到了(le)前(qian)所未有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視(shi)，從而(er)被納入了(le)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍。這樣，供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)就不再(zai)只是(shi)一條生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)了(le)，而(er)是(shi)一個(ge)涵蓋(gai)了(le)整個(ge)產(chan)品運(yun)動過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增值(zhi)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。服裝(zhuang)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理需要(yao)考慮供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)智能(neng)化(hua)，如(ru)采(cai)用人工智能(neng)、大數(shu)據等(deng)技(ji)術，提高供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智能(neng)化(hua)水平和(he)(he)效率(lv)。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)上下游企(qi)業為了謀求(qiu)各自收(shou)益(yi)(yi)大化，在(zai)單獨決策的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中確定的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)價格高(gao)于其生(sheng)產(chan)邊際成本的(de)(de)現象。如果(guo)下游企(qi)業的(de)(de)定價過(guo)(guo)高(gao)，必然會造成市場需求(qiu)的(de)(de)萎(wei)縮，導致(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)總體收(shou)益(yi)(yi)下降。原因：企(qi)業個(ge)體利益(yi)(yi)大化的(de)(de)目標(biao)和(he)整體利益(yi)(yi)大化的(de)(de)目標(biao)不一致(zhi)。沒有體現供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)共(gong)擔風險的(de)(de)原則(ze)。影(ying)響(xiang)：如果(guo)不能(neng)很好解(jie)決，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)績(ji)效水平會大打(da)折(zhe)扣，進(jin)而影(ying)響(xiang)人們(men)實施供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)信(xin)心。方法：供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)（回(hui)購(gou)契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、收(shou)入共(gong)享契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、數量(liang)折(zhe)扣契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、小(xiao)購(gou)買數量(liang)契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、數量(liang)柔性契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)；質量(liang)擔保契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)）供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)(qi)(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)作用：1.減(jian)少長鞭效應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang);2,實現供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)協調，消除雙重邊際效應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)；3.增強供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)成員的(de)(de)合作關系(xi)。

當(dang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)節(jie)點企(qi)業(ye)只根據來自相鄰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下游(you)企(qi)業(ye)（一般稱為(wei)顧客(ke)(ke)和(he)買方）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息做出(chu)生產(chan)和(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)決(jue)(jue)策時(shi)，需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不真實性會沿著供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈逆流而上，使訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)逐級(ji)放(fang)大(da)(da)，到達(da)源頭(tou)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)時(shi)，其(qi)(qi)獲得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息和(he)市(shi)場上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際顧客(ke)(ke)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息發生了很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏差，需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扭曲將(jiang)實際需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)放(fang)大(da)(da)。原因：1、需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)預(yu)測修正：指(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成員采用其(qi)(qi)直(zhi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下游(you)訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)數據作(zuo)為(wei)市(shi)場需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)號時(shi)，即需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)放(fang)大(da)(da)；2、訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)批量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)決(jue)(jue)策：指(zhi)周期性訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)決(jue)(jue)策或者訂(ding)(ding)單(dan)推動；3、價(jia)格波動：反映了一種商(shang)業(ye)行為(wei)，它是由于一些促銷手(shou)段造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如價(jia)格折扣、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)折扣、贈(zeng)票等；4、短缺博弈(yi)：是一種現象，當(dang)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)大(da)(da)于供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)時(shi)，理性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)策是按(an)照用戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比例分配現有庫存供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。此(ci)時(shi)用戶就(jiu)為(wei)了獲得(de)(de)更大(da)(da)份(fen)額的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配給(gei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，故意(yi)地(di)夸(kua)大(da)(da)其(qi)(qi)訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，當(dang)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)降溫時(shi)，訂(ding)(ding)貨(huo)又突然消失。方法(fa)：1.提(ti)高供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈信(xin)息共享(xiang)；2.科學確定(ding)定(ding)價(jia)決(jue)(jue)策；3.提(ti)高運營管理水(shui)平(ping)，縮短提(ti)前期；4.提(ti)高供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透明度；5.建立戰略性合作(zuo)伙伴。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管理需(xu)(xu)要進行物流管理，以實現物流效率(lv)和(he)成本控制。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)：涉(she)及五個(ge)領域：需(xu)求、計劃、物(wu)流、供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)和逆向物(wu)流。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)是以同步化(hua)、集成化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)計劃為指導(dao)，以各種技(ji)術為支持，尤其(qi)以互(hu)聯網(wang)為依托，圍(wei)繞供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)、生(sheng)產(chan)、物(wu)流（主要指制造(zao)過程）、滿足(zu)需(xu)求來(lai)實施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)。21世紀全球市場(chang)競爭的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)：1.產(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)周期越來(lai)越短；2.產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)種數(shu)飛速(su)增加；3.對縮(suo)短交貨(huo)期的(de)(de)(de)要求越來(lai)越高；4.對產(chan)品(pin)和服務(wu)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)期望越來(lai)越高。傳統“縱向一體化(hua)”模式：1.增加企業(ye)投資負擔；2.承擔喪(sang)失市場(chang)時機的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險；3.迫使企業(ye)從(cong)事不擅長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)活動；4.在每個(ge)業(ye)務(wu)領域都直接面臨(lin)眾多競爭對手；5.增大(da)企業(ye)行(xing)業(ye)風(feng)險。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)需(xu)要考慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)合作伙(huo)(huo)伴關系(xi)，如建立(li)長(chang)期合作關系(xi)、共同發展等，提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)合作伙(huo)(huo)伴的(de)(de)(de)忠誠度。江門(men)一站式供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)系(xi)統

供應(ying)鏈管理需要(yao)建立合作(zuo)伙伴關系，以實(shi)現共贏(ying).物流供應(ying)鏈公司

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)是指(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)過程(cheng)中所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材(cai)料供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)商(shang)(shang)、分(fen)銷(xiao)(xiao)商(shang)(shang)、零(ling)售(shou)商(shang)(shang)以(yi)及(ji)消費(fei)者等(deng)成(cheng)員通(tong)過與(yu)上游、下游成(cheng)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡結構。也即(ji)是由物(wu)料獲取(qu)、物(wu)料加工、并將成(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)送到(dao)用戶手中這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部門組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個網(wang)絡。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)包括物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、商(shang)(shang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、信息流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、資(zi)金流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)四(si)個流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)主要具有(you)以(yi)下特征：復雜性(xing)、動態性(xing)、響應(ying)性(xing)、交叉(cha)性(xing)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說，構成(cheng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本要素包括：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)(shang)指(zhi)給(gei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠家提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原(yuan)材(cai)料或(huo)零(ling)、部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。廠家即(ji)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)制造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。分(fen)銷(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為實現將產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)送到(dao)經營(ying)地理范圍每一(yi)(yi)角(jiao)落而設的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)代理企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。零(ling)售(shou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)將產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)給(gei)消費(fei)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)即(ji)上述企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之外專門提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)服(fu)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其中批發、零(ling)售(shou)、物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也可以(yi)統稱(cheng)為流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)公(gong)司

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