BUCK電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流選擇(ze)不當。降壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)可(ke)能會增加輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，從而誤觸發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)進入過流保護。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)在正(zheng)常工作模式(shi)(shi)和(he)過流保護模式(shi)(shi)之間反復切換，稱為打嗝(ge)模式(shi)(shi)，也可(ke)能造成一(yi)定程度的(de)(de)(de)嘯(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)(jiao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)必(bi)須適(shi)當。開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)本(ben)身紋波(bo)大(da)，多相(xiang)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)具(ju)有(you)(you)紋波(bo)小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)點。通過錯開(kai)相(xiang)位，可(ke)以(yi)有(you)(you)效降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)紋波(bo)，抑(yi)制嘯(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)(jiao)。要抑(yi)制嘯(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)(jiao)，除了修改(gai)上(shang)述軟件(jian)、參數和(he)架(jia)構(gou)外，典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案是(shi)使用抗嘯(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，如村(cun)田(tian)KRM系(xi)列和(he)ZRB系(xi)列。其(qi)(qi)特殊的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)可(ke)以(yi)減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)嘯(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)(jiao)現象，吸收熱量和(he)機械沖擊產生的(de)(de)(de)應力(li)，實(shi)現高可(ke)靠性。與Ta電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)，抗嘯(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)(jiao)MLCC的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化V比(bi)(bi)初始階段(duan)小722%。在布(bu)局(ju)上(shang)也可(ke)以(yi)優(you)(you)化布(bu)局(ju)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)相(xiang)互交(jiao)錯，抑(yi)制振動。甚至有(you)(you)人提出在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)旁(pang)邊挖(wa)一(yi)個(ge)凹槽來緩解嘯(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案。以(yi)上(shang)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)嘯(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)原理和(he)避免建議。MLCC由(you)于其(qi)(qi)內部結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)勢，其(qi)(qi)ESR和(he)ESL都具(ju)備獨(du)特優(you)(you)勢。所以(yi)陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)具(ju)備更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)高頻特性。無(wu)錫固(gu)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)品牌(pai)

電(dian)(dian)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能不(bu)(bu)同性(xing)(xing)(xing)能是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)的要求，需求比較大(da)化(hua)是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)的要求。如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)視機電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)部分采用(yong)金屬氧化(hua)物薄(bo)膜電(dian)(dian)容(rong)進行濾(lv)(lv)波，應滿足濾(lv)(lv)波所需的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量和耐壓(ya)。柜子里恐(kong)怕只有(you)(you)一個電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。所以只能用(yong)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)來濾(lv)(lv)波，極性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)逆的。也就是(shi)說(shuo)，正極必(bi)須(xu)連(lian)接到高電(dian)(dian)位端子，負(fu)極必(bi)須(xu)連(lian)接到低電(dian)(dian)位端子。一般(ban)電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)在1微法(fa)以上，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)耦合、去(qu)耦、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)濾(lv)(lv)波等(deng)。非極性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)大(da)多在1微法(fa)以下，參與諧振(zhen)、耦合、選頻、限流等(deng)。當然也有(you)(you)容(rong)量大(da)，耐壓(ya)高的，多用(yong)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)無功補償，電(dian)(dian)機移(yi)相，變(bian)頻電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)移(yi)相。非極性(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)有(you)(you)很(hen)多種(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)贅(zhui)述。無錫固態電(dian)(dian)容(rong)品牌陶(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器品種(zhong)繁多，外形尺寸相差甚大(da)從(cong)0402（約1×0.5mm）。

在開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源輸出端(duan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)濾波電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，與工(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)路中選用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)濾波電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)并(bing)不一樣，在工(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)路中用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)濾波的(de)(de)普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器，其上的(de)(de)脈動電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)只有100Hz，充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間是毫(hao)秒數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)級，為獲得較小的(de)(de)脈動系數(shu)(shu)(shu)，需要的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)高達數(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)萬微法，因而一般低頻(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)普(pu)通鋁電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器制造目標是以提高電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)為主，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)、損耗角正切值以及漏電(dian)(dian)流是鑒(jian)別其優劣的(de)(de)主要參數(shu)(shu)(shu)。在開(kai)關穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)源中作(zuo)為輸出濾波用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器，由于(yu)大多(duo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源工(gong)作(zuo)在方波或矩形波的(de)(de)狀態，含有及其豐富的(de)(de)高次諧波電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)(dian)流，其上鋸(ju)齒波電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)高達數(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)千赫(he)，甚至數(shu)(shu)(shu)十(shi)兆赫(he)，它的(de)(de)要求和低頻(pin)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)不同，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)并(bing)不是主要指標，衡量(liang)它好壞的(de)(de)則是它的(de)(de)阻(zu)抗頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)特(te)性。

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的內(nei)部(bu)連接(jie)(jie)性能(neng)惡化(hua)或(huo)失效時(shi)，通常會(hui)出現開路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)連接(jie)(jie)的惡化(hua)可能(neng)是由腐蝕、振(zhen)動或(huo)機(ji)械應力引起的。鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)在(zai)高溫或(huo)濕熱環(huan)境下(xia)(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)引出箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)可能(neng)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)腐蝕而斷(duan)裂。陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)引出箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)與陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)接(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)良也會(hui)造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)間歇性開路(lu)。1)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)初期，鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)在(zai)負載工(gong)作(zuo)過程(cheng)中會(hui)不(bu)斷(duan)修復和增(zeng)厚陽(yang)(yang)極(ji)氧化(hua)膜(稱為(wei)填形效應)，導致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)下(xia)(xia)降。2)在(zai)使用后(hou)期，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗大(da)(da)，溶液(ye)變稠，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率增(zeng)大(da)(da)，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了等(deng)效串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗。同時(shi)，隨(sui)著溶液(ye)粘(zhan)度(du)的增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，鋁箔(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)表面不(bu)均(jun)勻的氧化(hua)膜難以充(chong)分(fen)接(jie)(jie)觸，減(jian)少了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)的有(you)效極(ji)板面積(ji)，導致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)下(xia)(xia)降。此(ci)外，在(zai)低(di)溫下(xia)(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)的粘(zhan)度(du)也會(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，導致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)下(xia)(xia)降。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)兩極(ji)間的絕緣材料，介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數大(da)(da)的(如鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶瓷(ci)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye))適合于制(zhi)作(zuo)大(da)(da)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)小體積(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，但損(sun)(sun)(sun)耗也大(da)(da)。

不(bu)同(tong)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)結(jie)構原(yuan)則(ze)上(shang)，不(bu)考慮(lv)前(qian)列放電(dian)(dian)，任何形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)在環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(帶極(ji)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器)是圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)，方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)很少用(yong)(yong)。非極(ji)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣。如管式、異形(xing)(xing)(xing)矩形(xing)(xing)(xing)、片狀(zhuang)、方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)、組合(he)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)。取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)它們的(de)使用(yong)(yong)場合(he)。當然還(huan)有隱(yin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。這(zhe)里的(de)隱(yin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)的(de)是分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)。在高(gao)頻和中(zhong)頻設(she)備中(zhong)，分(fen)布電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是不(bu)可(ke)忽視的(de)。使用(yong)(yong)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)和目的(de)在家電(dian)(dian)維修(xiu)中(zhong)，以(yi)上(shang)都(dou)能遇到。要想通俗(su)易懂，還(huan)得自己琢(zhuo)磨。這(zhe)里只是參考，請指(zhi)正。極(ji)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(如鋁電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie))由于(yu)其內部的(de)材料和結(jie)構，可(ke)以(yi)大容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量使用(yong)(yong)，但(dan)高(gao)頻特(te)性(xing)(xing)不(bu)好，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)力濾波等(deng)場合(he)，但(dan)有高(gao)頻特(te)性(xing)(xing)好的(de)極(ji)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器——鉭電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)，價(jia)格相對較貴。陶瓷電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量從(cong)0.5pF起步，可(ke)以(yi)做到100uF，并(bing)且根據電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)封裝(zhuang)（尺(chi)寸）的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量也會不(bu)同(tong)。江蘇電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)多(duo)少錢

陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容較(jiao)坑的失效就是短路(lu)了，一旦陶(tao)瓷電(dian)容短路(lu)，產(chan)品(pin)無(wu)法正(zheng)常(chang)使(shi)用，危(wei)害非(fei)常(chang)大。無(wu)錫(xi)固態電(dian)容品(pin)牌

當(dang)負載(zai)(zai)頻率上(shang)升到(dao)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)時，即使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)上(shang)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)沒有達到(dao)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，負載(zai)(zai)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也必(bi)須(xu)(xu)保持不高于額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)損耗(hao)因數引(yin)起(qi)的(de)發(fa)熱開始發(fa)揮更明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)作(zuo)用，則負載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)降低，如(ru)圖右側(ce)曲線(xian)部分所示(shi)，其中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)隨著頻率的(de)增加而(er)降低。由于第二類(lei)介(jie)質陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)遠大于1類(lei)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，所以(yi)濾波用的(de)F陶(tao)(tao)瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)通常在1V以(yi)下，無法加載(zai)(zai)到(dao)額(e)定交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。所以(yi)第二類(lei)介(jie)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)主要討論(lun)允(yun)許加載(zai)(zai)的(de)紋波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。無錫固態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)品(pin)牌

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