供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)上下(xia)(xia)游(you)企業(ye)為了(le)謀(mou)求各(ge)自收(shou)益(yi)(yi)大化，在單獨(du)決策的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)確定的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品價格高于其生產(chan)邊(bian)際成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。如果(guo)下(xia)(xia)游(you)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定價過高，必(bi)然(ran)會造成(cheng)市場需求的(de)(de)(de)(de)萎縮，導致(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)總(zong)體收(shou)益(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)降。原(yuan)因：企業(ye)個體利益(yi)(yi)大化的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標和整體利益(yi)(yi)大化的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標不(bu)一致(zhi)。沒有體現供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)共擔風(feng)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則。影(ying)響：如果(guo)不(bu)能(neng)很好(hao)解(jie)決，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)績(ji)效水平會大打折扣(kou)，進(jin)而影(ying)響人們實施供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信心。方法：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)（回購契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、收(shou)入(ru)共享(xiang)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、數(shu)量折扣(kou)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、小購買數(shu)量契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)、數(shu)量柔性(xing)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)；質量擔保契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)）供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用：1.減(jian)少長鞭效應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響;2,實現供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調，消除雙重邊(bian)際效應(ying)(ying)(ying)；3.增(zeng)強供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)成(cheng)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)合作關系。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)需要考(kao)慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)，如建立(li)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)體系、制定應(ying)(ying)(ying)急預案等，提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理(li)能(neng)力(li)。潮州(zhou)服裝供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)體系

供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)基本思想(xiang)：1.“橫向一體化”的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)思想(xiang)；2.非關(guan)鍵企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)采(cai)取外(wai)包方式(shi)分散給業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)伙伴(ban)(ban)，形成(cheng)(cheng)戰(zhan)略性(xing)(xing)合(he)作(zuo)伙伴(ban)(ban)關(guan)系(xi)；3.供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)是一種合(he)作(zuo)性(xing)(xing)競(jing)爭；4.以顧客(ke)滿意度(du)作(zuo)為(wei)目標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務(wu)化管理(li)(li)；5.供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)追求物(wu)流(liu)(liu)、信(xin)息(xi)流(liu)(liu)、資(zi)(zi)金流(liu)(liu)、工作(zuo)流(liu)(liu)和組織流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)；6.借助信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術實(shi)現目標(biao)管理(li)(li)是基礎條件；7.更(geng)加關(guan)注物(wu)流(liu)(liu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)。有效用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)：不(bu)斷降低(di)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本，通過企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)密切合(he)作(zuo)帶給用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)更(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)利益(yi)和更(geng)有效的(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。快(kuai)速響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)：極大(da)限度(du)地(di)減少從原材料到銷售的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行時間(jian)和庫存數，以提高對于用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。延遲(chi)技(ji)術：把(ba)產(chan)品定型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)位置與(yu)時間(jian)盡量(liang)靠近用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)，以便(bian)顧客(ke)化。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)建模技(ji)術：信(xin)息(xi)系(xi)統模型(xing)、經(jing)濟運(yun)行模型(xing)、功能結構模型(xing)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)作(zuo)關(guan)系(xi)研究；企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)模式(shi)是戰(zhan)略伙伴(ban)(ban)關(guan)系(xi)，五個評(ping)價(jia)(jia)指標(biao)是柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)、集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)、協調、簡潔、穩定。柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)和柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)度(du)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)三維指標(biao)：范圍、費用(yong)、時間(jian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)績(ji)效評(ping)價(jia)(jia)：資(zi)(zi)源指標(biao)（成(cheng)(cheng)本、資(zi)(zi)源回收(shou)）、輸出指標(biao)（產(chan)出與(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)服(fu)務(wu)）、柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)指標(biao)（供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)對變化的(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)）。供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)運(yun)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)協調與(yu)協同合(he)作(zuo)：關(guan)鍵機制(zhi)是競(jing)爭-合(he)作(zuo)-協調（成(cheng)(cheng)功與(yu)否的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵）。潮州(zhou)全球供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)外(wai)包公(gong)司(si)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)需要考慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)文(wen)化建設，如(ru)建立(li)共同價(jia)(jia)值觀(guan)、營造良好企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)文(wen)化等，提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)凝聚(ju)力。

商(shang)(shang)(shang)業領域，人(ren)人(ren)都在(zai)說(shuo)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)，國際商(shang)(shang)(shang)貿的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵也聚焦于供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)，那(nei)么到底什么是供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)呢？供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(Supplychain)是指為(wei)(wei)了提供(gong)和滿足關(guan)(guan)鍵企(qi)業或消費(fei)者等使(shi)用方(fang)生(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)活所需要(yao)的(de)(de)產(chan)品或服務，相關(guan)(guan)組(zu)織或個人(ren)對相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)資料(liao)進行(xing)一系列包括(kuo)但不限于“開(kai)采(cai)、加工、生(sheng)產(chan)、集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)、包裝、銷售(shou)(shou)、運(yun)輸(shu)”等行(xing)為(wei)(wei)，完成(cheng)(cheng)將上(shang)述需要(yao)的(de)(de)產(chan)品或服務成(cheng)(cheng)功交付給(gei)使(shi)用方(fang)的(de)(de)全過程以及(ji)各環節(jie)和節(jie)點上(shang)的(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)主體(ti)(ti)，統稱為(wei)(wei)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)。而從另外一個角(jiao)度來說(shuo)：供(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)包含了原料(liao)供(gong)貨商(shang)(shang)(shang)、供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)、制造商(shang)(shang)(shang)、倉儲商(shang)(shang)(shang)、運(yun)輸(shu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)、分銷商(shang)(shang)(shang)、零售(shou)(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)以及(ji)終端客戶等多個主體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)系統。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)是指將產品(pin)或(huo)服務(wu)從(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商傳遞到客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)過(guo)(guo)程，包括采購、制造(zao)、分(fen)銷、物流(liu)和(he)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)服務(wu)等(deng)環節。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)是一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)相互關(guan)聯的(de)活動和(he)流(liu)程，旨在(zai)將原(yuan)材料、零部(bu)件(jian)和(he)成品(pin)從(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商轉移到客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)手(shou)中。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)中的(de)各個環節包括供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)商、制造(zao)商、分(fen)銷商、零售商和(he)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)。它們通過(guo)(guo)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)的(de)物流(liu)、庫存管(guan)理(li)(li)、采購、生產、分(fen)銷和(he)銷售等(deng)環節進行協調和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)目標是通過(guo)(guo)小化成本、提高效率和(he)質量、優(you)化庫存管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)運輸等(deng)手(shou)段，使得產品(pin)能夠快(kuai)速地、可靠地、以(yi)低(di)成本地被傳遞到客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)手(shou)中。在(zai)現代商業環境中，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)已(yi)經成為企業成功的(de)重要(yao)組成部(bu)分(fen)，尤(you)其(qi)是在(zai)全球化和(he)電子商務(wu)的(de)背景下(xia)，它變得更加復(fu)雜和(he)關(guan)鍵(jian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)需(xu)要(yao)進行信息(xi)安全管(guan)理(li)(li)，以(yi)保(bao)護企業信息(xi)資產和(he)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)(hu)隱(yin)私。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)根(gen)(gen)據范圍(wei)不(bu)同劃(hua)分，（1）內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：指(zhi)企業(ye)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)流(liu)通(tong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)采購部(bu)(bu)(bu)門、生(sheng)產(chan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門、倉儲部(bu)(bu)(bu)門、銷售(shou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需網(wang)(wang)絡。（2）外(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：指(zhi)企業(ye)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)，與(yu)(yu)企業(ye)相關的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)流(liu)通(tong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)原材料供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商、生(sheng)產(chan)廠商、儲運(yun)商、零售(shou)商以及(ji)消費者組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需網(wang)(wang)絡。內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)和(he)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)共同組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)了企業(ye)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)從原材料到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin)到(dao)(dao)消費者的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)根(gen)(gen)據復雜程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)同劃(hua)分，（1）直接(jie)型(xing)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：在(zai)(zai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)、服務(wu)、資金和(he)信(xin)息在(zai)(zai)往(wang)上游(you)和(he)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動過程(cheng)中(zhong)，由公(gong)司(si)、此公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商和(he)此公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。（2）擴(kuo)展型(xing)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：把直接(jie)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商和(he)直接(jie)客戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)客戶(hu)包含在(zai)(zai)內(nei)(nei)，左(zuo)右這些成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)均參與(yu)(yu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)、服務(wu)、資金和(he)信(xin)息往(wang)上游(you)和(he)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動過程(cheng)。（3）終(zhong)端型(xing)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)：包括參與(yu)(yu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)、服務(wu)、資金、信(xin)息從終(zhong)端供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商到(dao)(dao)終(zhong)端消費者的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)有往(wang)上游(you)和(he)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)動過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)有組(zu)織。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)理需要進(jin)行團隊管(guan)理，以提高(gao)團隊凝聚(ju)力和(he)執行力。珠海智能(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)本是多少

供(gong)應鏈(lian)管(guan)理需要考慮供(gong)應鏈(lian)透明化，如公開供(gong)應鏈(lian)信(xin)息、建立信(xin)任機制(zhi)等，提高供(gong)應鏈(lian)的透明度和信(xin)任度。潮州服裝供(gong)應鏈(lian)體系

供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈如何運作？盡管供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈非常復雜，但(dan)只需(xu)五個步驟。以下是(shi)這些步驟及(ji)其工作原(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。1、計(ji)劃，供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈管理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)策(ce)略性部分(fen)，公司需(xu)要有一(yi)個好的(de)(de)(de)(de)策(ce)略對(dui)現(xian)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源進(jin)行(xing)整合(he)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)，及(ji)時(shi)向客戶(hu)(hu)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)符(fu)合(he)其要求產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)削(xue)減(jian)成本(ben)。2、采購，選擇供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)時(shi)對(dui)其進(jin)行(xing)資(zi)質(zhi)審查，與(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)建(jian)立一(yi)套定(ding)價(jia)、配(pei)送和(he)付(fu)款流程(cheng)，并針對(dui)采購業務(wu)多樣(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點靈活變通(tong)，與(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)商(shang)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)品(pin)(pin)與(yu)服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)流程(cheng)相(xiang)結合(he)。3、制(zhi)造，對(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)周期、物料(liao)領用、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)進(jin)度和(he)反饋等環節進(jin)行(xing)控制(zhi)，降低運營成本(ben)，縮短交貨(huo)時(shi)間、減(jian)少庫存，通(tong)過(guo)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效運用提收益性。4、配(pei)送，配(pei)送，部分(fen)人也稱之為“物流”，是(shi)調整用戶(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)單收據、建(jian)立倉庫網(wang)絡(luo)、派遞送人員提貨(huo)并送貨(huo)到(dao)顧客手中、建(jian)立商(shang)品(pin)(pin)計(ji)價(jia)系統(tong)、接收付(fu)款。5、退貨(huo)，屬于供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈中的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)部分(fen)。為客戶(hu)(hu)退回的(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)品(pin)(pin)和(he)多余產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)建(jian)立一(yi)個專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)，并在(zai)客戶(hu)(hu)應(ying)用產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)途中產(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題給(gei)予支持幫(bang)助。潮州服裝供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈體系

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