啟(qi)醫(yi)療，個(ge)體(ti)化用(yong)藥貝克曼庫(ku)(ku)爾(er)特細(xi)(xi)胞專(zhuan)題(ti)--助力病毒載體(ti)純化、細(xi)(xi)胞特性分析(xi)(xi)產品庫(ku)(ku)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器設(she)備耗材(cai)試劑抗(kang)體(ti)技術服務(wu)(wu)生(sheng)物(wu)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)掃描儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)點(dian)樣(yang)(yang)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|生(sheng)物(wu)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|生(sheng)物(wu)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)|其它(ta)(ta)測讀(du)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)洗(xi)板機|多功能篩(shai)選系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|大型分析(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|化學發光(guang)(guang)(guang)檢(jian)測儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|分光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度計|其它(ta)(ta)|光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原子(zi)(zi)吸收光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|可(ke)見(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|紅(hong)外(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|近紅(hong)外(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|LIBS光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|拉(la)曼光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|紫外(wai)/可(ke)見(jian)/近紅(hong)外(wai)光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|其它(ta)(ta)分子(zi)(zi)生(sheng)物(wu)實(shi)驗儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器電泳設(she)備|紫外(wai)設(she)備|普通PCR儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|定量PCR儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|數字PCR儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|DNA/有機/多肽合成|轉基(ji)(ji)因(yin)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|其它(ta)(ta)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)倒置顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)|實(shi)體(ti)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)|生(sheng)物(wu)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)|電子(zi)(zi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)其它(ta)(ta)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)|顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)操縱|附件和(he)濾光(guang)(guang)(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)|其它(ta)(ta)色(se)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)液相色(se)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|制備液相色(se)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|毛(mao)細(xi)(xi)管(guan)LC系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)相色(se)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|離(li)子(zi)(zi)色(se)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|色(se)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)檢(jian)測器樣(yang)(yang)品管(guan)理工具(ju)|色(se)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)附件質(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)飛行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)|四(si)極桿質(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)|離(li)子(zi)(zi)阱(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)|等離(li)子(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)|毛(mao)細(xi)(xi)管(guan)電泳/質(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)聯用(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|雜交質(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)|質(zhi)(zhi)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)標準品|其它(ta)(ta)實(shi)驗室(shi)自(zi)動(dong)化氨(an)基(ji)(ji)酸分析(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|蛋白(bai)純化系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)翻譯(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|全(quan)(quan)自(zi)動(dong)分液系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|核(he)酸提取(qu)純化全(quan)(quan)自(zi)動(dong)血液采樣(yang)(yang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|基(ji)(ji)因(yin)組(zu)/蛋白(bai)組(zu)設(she)備DNA測序儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|全(quan)(quan)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)組(zu)測序儀(yi)(yi)(yi)|基(ji)(ji)因(yin)分型系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|雙向(xiang)電泳系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)純化|蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)斑點(dian)切(qie)取(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)|其它(ta)(ta)神經生(sheng)物(wu)學儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器動(dong)物(wu)功能檢(jian)測設(she)備|動(dong)物(wu)處理設(she)備|。裸(luo)鼠(shu)皮下(xia)成瘤模型造模意義.裸(luo)鼠(shu)科研技術服務(wu)(wu)購買(mai)

建議(yi)按(an)照2×106每孔的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)將(jiang)(jiang)293T細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)均勻(yun)鋪入(ru)。(2)第二天：在24小(xiao)時(shi)之(zhi)內，觀(guan)察293T細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)匯(hui)合(he)度(du)在90%~95%之(zhi)間時(shi)，向其中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)DNA-脂質體復(fu)(fu)合(he)體，DNA-脂質體復(fu)(fu)合(he)體制備方法如(ru)下(xia)：a)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)混勻(yun)LipoMax，根據說明書加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)相應(ying)量(liang)于500μlOpti-MEM無血清(qing)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，混合(he)均勻(yun)并置(zhi)于室溫(wen)(wen)5分鐘(zhong)。b)在500μlOpti-MEM無血清(qing)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)稀(xi)釋(shi)DNA，總質量(liang)為(wei)15μg按(an)照載(zai)體質粒:psPAX2:=4:3:1的(de)(de)(de)比例加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)DNA。c)將(jiang)(jiang)稀(xi)釋(shi)后的(de)(de)(de)LipoMax和稀(xi)釋(shi)后的(de)(de)(de)DNA輕(qing)(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)混勻(yun)，常溫(wen)(wen)靜置(zhi)20分鐘(zhong)，形成(cheng)DNA-LipoMax復(fu)(fu)合(he)體。(3)將(jiang)(jiang)DNA-LipoMax復(fu)(fu)合(he)體輕(qing)(qing)(qing)柔地滴加(jia)(jia)(jia)至(zhi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皿(min)中(zhong)(zhong)，輕(qing)(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)搖晃培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皿(min)混勻(yun)，放入(ru)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。(4)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒收(shou)集濃(nong)(nong)縮病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒：加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)DNA-LipoMax復(fu)(fu)合(he)體48小(xiao)時(shi)后，收(shou)集病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒上(shang)清(qing)，同時(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)10ml預溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)293T培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)到(dao)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皿(min)中(zhong)(zhong)。將(jiang)(jiang)收(shou)集到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒上(shang)清(qing)存在4℃冰箱(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong);收(shou)集72小(xiao)時(shi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒上(shang)清(qing)，與48小(xiao)時(shi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒上(shang)清(qing)混在一起。將(jiang)(jiang)離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)機(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)降溫(wen)(wen)到(dao)4℃，600g，離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)5分鐘(zhong)，去除其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)碎片，上(shang)清(qing)液(ye)經(jing)μm濾頭過濾，加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒濃(nong)(nong)縮液(ye)，配制濃(nong)(nong)縮病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒液(ye)。將(jiang)(jiang)濃(nong)(nong)縮后的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒放于4℃冰箱(xiang)搖床上(shang)，旋轉過夜(ye)。第二天，4度(du)離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)機(ji)，3000~4000g離(li)心(xin)(xin)(xin)15分鐘(zhong)。棄掉上(shang)清(qing)液(ye)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)1Xpbs或培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)重懸。寧夏科研技術服務實驗ELISA試(shi)劑盒(he)在國內有許多(duo)種叫法，例如(ru)：ELISA檢測(ce)試(shi)劑盒(he)、ELISAKit。

應(ying)退回純酒精中(zhong)重新脫(tuo)水(shui)(shui)，然(ran)后(hou)再透(tou)(tou)明，否(fou)則切片難以(yi)鏡(jing)檢。（4）二甲苯應(ying)盡(jin)量保持無水(shui)(shui)，應(ying)經(jing)常更換，或用紗布包無水(shui)(shui)硫(liu)酸銅(tong)放入染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)缸內(nei)吸收(shou)水(shui)(shui)分。5.透(tou)(tou)蠟注意事項（1）透(tou)(tou)蠟的目的是(shi)除去組(zu)織中(zhong)的透(tou)(tou)明劑（如(ru)二甲苯等），使石蠟滲透(tou)(tou)到(dao)組(zu)織內(nei)部達到(dao)飽和程度(du)(du)以(yi)便包埋(mai)。透(tou)(tou)蠟時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)根據組(zu)織大小而定(ding)。（2）盡(jin)量保持在(zai)(zai)較低(di)溫(wen)度(du)(du)中(zhong)進(jin)行，以(yi)石蠟不(bu)(bu)凝固為度(du)(du)。（3）透(tou)(tou)蠟溫(wen)度(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)恒(heng)定(ding)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)忽高(gao)忽低(di)。（4）操作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)迅(xun)速，力求在(zai)(zai)短的時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)內(nei)完(wan)成石蠟透(tou)(tou)入過程，以(yi)免引(yin)起(qi)組(zu)織變硬、變脆(cui)、收(shou)縮等。（5）注意溫(wen)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)過高(gao)，以(yi)免組(zu)織發脆(cui)。6.染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)水(shui)(shui)洗注意事項（1）染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)原理：伊紅(hong)主要(yao)(yao)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)質(zhi)，著色(se)(se)濃淡應(ying)與蘇木精染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)核(he)的濃淡相配合，如(ru)果細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)核(he)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)較濃，細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)質(zhi)也應(ying)濃染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)，以(yi)獲得鮮明的對(dui)比。（2）染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)應(ying)根據染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)劑的成熟程度(du)(du)及室(shi)溫(wen)高(gao)低(di)，適當縮短或延長。室(shi)溫(wen)高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)促進(jin)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)，染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)可(ke)短些(xie)，否(fou)則可(ke)適當延長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，冬(dong)季室(shi)溫(wen)低(di)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)放入恒(heng)溫(wen)箱(xiang)中(zhong)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)。（3）注意流水(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)能過大，以(yi)防切片脫(tuo)落。（4）如(ru)果細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)核(he)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)較淺(qian)，細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)質(zhi)也應(ying)淡染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)。可(ke)在(zai)(zai)伊紅(hong)乙(yi)醇液中(zhong)滴(di)加數滴(di)冰(bing)醋酸助染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)，促使細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)質(zhi)容易著色(se)(se)，并且經(jing)乙(yi)醇脫(tuo)水(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)易褪色(se)(se)。

用(yong)(yong)伊紅乙醇液(ye)對比染(ran)(ran)色(se)1~3min。（4）將切片(pian)放(fang)入(ru)95%乙醇中(zhong)洗去(qu)多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)紅色(se)，然后放(fang)入(ru)無水乙醇中(zhong)3~5min，吸(xi)干后將切片(pian)放(fang)入(ru)二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ中(zhong)各3~5min。3、觀察(cha)在鏡(jing)下可(ke)見(jian)卵(luan)(luan)巢呈(cheng)扁橢圓形，表面為(wei)單(dan)層扁平上皮(pi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)或單(dan)層立方(fang)上皮(pi)，卵(luan)(luan)巢實質分為(wei)皮(pi)質和(he)髓質。可(ke)見(jian)上皮(pi)，原始卵(luan)(luan)泡(pao)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)長卵(luan)(luan)泡(pao)。卵(luan)(luan)巢組織中(zhong)各發(fa)育階段卵(luan)(luan)泡(pao)及卵(luan)(luan)巢基質的(de)(de)(de)形態結(jie)構清(qing)晰(xi)可(ke)見(jian),細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)核(he)呈(cheng)藍紫色(se),細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)質及間質成(cheng)分呈(cheng)淺紅色(se),卵(luan)(luan)泡(pao)中(zhong)卵(luan)(luan)母細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、卵(luan)(luan)泡(pao)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、透(tou)明帶均清(qing)晰(xi)可(ke)見(jian)。注意(yi)(yi)事項(xiang)1.取(qu)材(cai)(cai)注意(yi)(yi)事項(xiang)（1）取(qu)材(cai)(cai)動作要(yao)迅速(su)，不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)作太(tai)(tai)久的(de)(de)(de)拖延以(yi)免組織細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)分、結(jie)構等發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)變化。（2）切片(pian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)應(ying)根據需要(yao)觀察(cha)的(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)進行選(xuan)擇，盡可(ke)能(neng)不(bu)要(yao)損傷所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)部分。（3）切取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)組織塊不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)大，以(yi)利(li)于固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)劑穿透(tou)，通(tong)常(chang)以(yi)5mmx5mmx2mm或10mmx10mmx2mm為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。2.固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)注意(yi)(yi)事項(xiang)（1）一般(ban)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)，都以(yi)新配為(wei)好，配好后應(ying)貯存(cun)在陰(yin)涼處，不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)放(fang)在日光下，以(yi)免引起化學變化，失(shi)去(qu)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)作用(yong)(yong)。（2）有些混(hun)合(he)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)份之(zhi)間會發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)氧化還原作用(yong)(yong)，一定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)在使用(yong)(yong)前才混(hun)合(he)，如果混(hun)合(he)太(tai)(tai)早(zao)，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時就沒有作用(yong)(yong)了。（3）固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)時，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)必(bi)須(xu)充足，一般(ban)為(wei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)塊的(de)(de)(de)20~30倍，有些水分多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，中(zhong)間應(ying)更(geng)換(huan)1~2次新液(ye)。（4）材(cai)(cai)料(liao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)完畢后。干貨(huo)分享 | 避坑，微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)(ran)因素(su)及預防方(fang)法，少走彎(wan)路。

外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)可(ke)能(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)為細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)之(zhi)間物質和信(xin)號通訊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)途徑(jing)，不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)通過(guo)分泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)攜帶(dai)不同(tong)組分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)實現細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)間通訊，這些外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)被受體(ti)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)吸收，通過(guo)物質交換或(huo)(huo)釋放內含物實現物質和信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流。外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)與(yu)(yu)受體(ti)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)交流可(ke)能(neng)通過(guo)以(yi)(yi)下4種途徑(jing)實現:外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)膜(mo)蛋白質被目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受體(ti)識別，從而靶細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao);外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)在(zai)(zai)蛋白酶作(zuo)(zuo)用下產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)膜(mo)蛋白質碎片可(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)為目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)受體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配體(ti);外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)脂膜(mo)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)膜(mo)融(rong)合(he)，將蛋白質和RNA等內容物釋放進去，此類膜(mo)融(rong)合(he)可(ke)能(neng)改變靶細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些膜(mo)特性，例(li)如(ru)脂質和膜(mo)蛋白質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密度及(ji)種類;目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)通過(guo)胞(bao)吞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式攝入外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)經(jing)由以(yi)(yi)上(shang)幾(ji)種途徑(jing)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)將其攜帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物信(xin)息(xi)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)到周邊靶細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)或(huo)(huo)經(jing)血(xue)液等體(ti)液運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)而被遠處組織(zhi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)攝取，進而影響目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本功(gong)能(neng)和基因表(biao)(biao)(biao)達。幾(ji)乎所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)都可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)自發或(huo)(huo)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定刺(ci)激(ji)條(tiao)件下產生(sheng)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)，不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)具(ju)有(you)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)，這些外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)參與(yu)(yu)了一(yi)(yi)系列生(sheng)理和病(bing)理過(guo)程，如(ru)發生(sheng)與(yu)(yu)發展、抗原呈遞、免疫(yi)調節、組織(zhi)愈(yu)合(he)等。此外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)與(yu)(yu)疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)明：外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)泌(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)體(ti)可(ke)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)代謝性疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現以(yi)(yi)及(ji)心血(xue)管健康中發揮作(zuo)(zuo)用。通過(guo)對(dui)動物模型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)，科研人員可(ke)以(yi)(yi)更清楚地了解疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展過(guo)程和機(ji)制，為人類疾病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查提供理論依(yi)據。云(yun)南豚(tun)鼠(shu)科研技術服務服務

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且(qie)研究表明HNRNPC通(tong)過m6A與(yu)RNA結(jie)合(he)調控目標轉錄本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐度(du)和(he)選擇(ze)性(xing)剪(jian)切[9].圖1m6A修(xiu)飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酶系(xi)統[10]m6A生(sheng)(sheng)物學功能(neng)越來(lai)越多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)證(zheng)據表明m6A修(xiu)飾在哺乳動物中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物功能(neng)。例如(ru)，在轉錄水(shui)平上調控RNA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)[11]、定位(wei)[12]、運(yun)輸、剪(jian)切[13]和(he)翻譯[14]。ClaudioR.等發(fa)現依賴(lai)METTL3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)pri-miRNA甲基(ji)化(hua)，會促進(jin)DGCR8識別(bie)和(he)加(jia)工，從而促進(jin)microRNA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟[15]。此外，m6A識別(bie)蛋白HNRNPA2B1促進(jin)pri-miRNA加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)pre-miRNA[16]。另外，環狀RNA上m6A的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)飾能(neng)促進(jin)環狀RNA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)翻譯[17]。m6A修(xiu)飾在基(ji)因(yin)表達調控中(zhong)(zhong)起著重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，其調控機制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)異常可能(neng)與(yu)人類疾病或相關。目前(qian)發(fa)現m6A可能(neng)會影(ying)響(xiang)精(jing)子發(fa)育(yu)（ALKBH5，METTL3，Ythdc2）、發(fa)育(yu)（METTL3、FTO、ALKBH5）、免疫（METTL3）、UV誘導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)DNA損傷反應(ying)（METTL3，FTO）、生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)（YTHDF2）或轉移(yi)（METTL14）、干細胞(bao)(bao)更新（METTL14）、脂(zhi)肪(fang)分(fen)化(hua)（FTO）、生(sheng)(sheng)物節律、細胞(bao)(bao)發(fa)育(yu)分(fen)化(hua)、細胞(bao)(bao)分(fen)裂及其它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些生(sheng)(sheng)命過程(cheng)。例如(ru)，ALKBH5敲(qiao)除的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雄(xiong)性(xing)小(xiao)鼠增加(jia)了mRNA中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)m(6)A修(xiu)飾，其特點是凋亡影(ying)響(xiang)減數分(fen)裂中(zhong)(zhong)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)子細胞(bao)(bao)，引起生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)能(neng)力受損[7]。METTL3和(he)METTL14增加(jia)弱精(jing)癥精(jing)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)m6A水(shui)平[18]，在生(sheng)(sheng)殖細胞(bao)(bao)中(zhong)(zhong)，METTL3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敲(qiao)除嚴重(zhong)抑制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)子分(fen)化(hua)和(he)減數分(fen)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。裸鼠科研技術服務(wu)購買

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