4.8操作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應正(zheng)確(que)(que)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)個(ge)人(ren)勞動保(bao)護(hu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)品，現(xian)場(chang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)必須戴(dai)安(an)全帽(mao)，并系好(hao)額帶，上下工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)坑(keng)應走(zou)安(an)全扶梯。4.9安(an)全員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)每(mei)天(tian)做(zuo)好(hao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場(chang)巡視工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，發(fa)現(xian)問題及時(shi)制(zhi)止糾正(zheng)，重(zhong)大安(an)全隱患要下達整改通知單并報(bao)上級(ji)部(bu)門(men)處理。4.10做(zuo)好(hao)頂(ding)管工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)坑(keng)周邊(bian)的(de)(de)環境保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，搞好(hao)文明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，在(zai)基坑(keng)旁邊(bian)危房醒目(mu)位(wei)置(zhi)設(she)置(zhi)安(an)全警示牌。4.11電工(gong)(gong)(gong)、電焊工(gong)(gong)(gong)、起重(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)等特殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)種作(zuo)(zuo)業人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)必須經過(guo)專業培訓(xun)，持證(zheng)(zheng)上崗。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)1、測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)（1）進(jin)(jin)場(chang)后對(dui)甲(jia)方(fang)提供(gong)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)點、水準點和(he)(he)標(biao)高(gao)進(jin)(jin)行現(xian)場(chang)復測(ce)(ce)，填妥《測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)復核記錄》并簽(qian)字備案。（2）測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)網的(de)(de)布設(she)：根據(ju)甲(jia)方(fang)所(suo)提供(gong)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)點及國家的(de)(de)有(you)關規范和(he)(he)有(you)關設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)規范的(de)(de)要求(qiu)進(jin)(jin)行，以測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)網作(zuo)(zuo)為該(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)平面(mian)、高(gao)程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)放樣的(de)(de)首級(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)及依據(ju)。（3）各種測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)器、工(gong)(gong)(gong)具均應按有(you)關的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管理規定，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)送有(you)關部(bu)門(men)進(jin)(jin)行檢測(ce)(ce)，取得(de)有(you)關持檢部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)合格證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)后才能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中有(you)關人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應經常對(dui)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)儀(yi)器、工(gong)(gong)(gong)具進(jin)(jin)行自檢、自校使(shi)(shi)之保(bao)持在(zai)良好(hao)的(de)(de)狀態中。根據(ju)當前(qian)實(shi)際情況，快速掌(zhang)握材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、價格、供(gong)貨(huo)能力的(de)(de)信息、選擇好(hao)的(de)(de)供(gong)貨(huo)廠家，從而確(que)(que)保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。集美區DN3000水泥頂(ding)管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術

本文對呼(hu)和浩特盛(sheng)樂現(xian)代服(fu)務業集聚(ju)區(qu)電力電纜隧道工(gong)(gong)程沉(chen)井(jing)(jing)大管(guan)徑(jing)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)施工(gong)(gong)過程中，因注漿(jiang)引(yin)起的地(di)(di)表(biao)沉(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)進行了數值模(mo)型定量(liang)分析(xi)，得出如(ru)下結論：北宋末(mo)年論者吳可曾認為(wei)(wei)(wei)：“晚唐詩(shi)失之太巧，只務外華，而氣弱(ruo)格卑(bei)，流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)詞體(ti)(ti)耳。”〔6〕331所(suo)謂(wei)“氣弱(ruo)格卑(bei)，流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)詞體(ti)(ti)”即說詞體(ti)(ti)本身托體(ti)(ti)亦卑(bei)。陸游對詞體(ti)(ti)的態度則遠(yuan)較此微(wei)妙(miao)而復雜。1、直徑(jing)3m的頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)施工(gong)(gong)時，地(di)(di)表(biao)比較大沉(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)中線上方位置(zhi)，且距離中線越遠(yuan)沉(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)不斷減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)，在(zai)(zai)12m處幾(ji)乎沒有地(di)(di)表(biao)沉(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)，因此地(di)(di)表(biao)沉(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)范圍(wei)在(zai)(zai)中線兩側12m范圍(wei)內(nei)，沉(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)范圍(wei)大約為(wei)(wei)(wei)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)直徑(jing)的4倍(bei)；2、頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)上方覆(fu)蓋的土(tu)體(ti)(ti)，在(zai)(zai)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)處沉(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)比較大，向上成放(fang)射狀(zhuang)依次減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)，但(dan)減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)的速率(lv)不同；3、通過模(mo)擬計算(suan)與施工(gong)(gong)監測，大直徑(jing)電力隧道采(cai)用觸變泥(ni)漿(jiang)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝施工(gong)(gong)，能夠(gou)滿足城市(shi)道路路面(mian)沉(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)要求。同安區(qu)DN3500水泥(ni)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)施工(gong)(gong)井(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)作井(jing)(jing)和接收井(jing)(jing)上部采(cai)用人(ren)機配合開完，下部采(cai)取人(ren)工(gong)(gong)開挖(wa)作法作業。

頂管技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不需(xu)(xu)要開槽(cao)鋪(pu)設管道(dao)，是非開挖施工(gong)方法(fa)之一。它(ta)是用一根硬管在(zai)土層下穿(chuan)過(guo)，形成(cheng)供排水或其(qi)他功(gong)能(neng)的設施。該技(ji)(ji)術(shu)使(shi)用較早，具有很多(duo)優(you)點(dian)，如:(1)施工(gong)精度高；(2)綜(zong)合成(cheng)本(ben)低:只(zhi)需(xu)(xu)清理地(di)下土層中的土壤(rang)，縮(suo)短了工(gong)期，減(jian)少了工(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)；(3)對環境(jing)破壞(huai)(huai)小:周圍建筑(zhu)設施能(neng)保持其(qi)功(gong)能(neng)，不被破壞(huai)(huai)；(4)能(neng)跨越障礙物等(deng)。由于(yu)這些優(you)點(dian)，頂管技(ji)(ji)術(shu)得到了普遍(bian)的應(ying)用。目前(qian)已應(ying)用于(yu)污水管道(dao)鋪(pu)設、天然(ran)氣(qi)管道(dao)、雨(yu)水管道(dao)、自(zi)來水工(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)多(duo)項(xiang)民生工(gong)程(cheng)。，消除(chu)了以往挖掘技(ji)(ji)術(shu)帶(dai)來的社會和經濟影響。

施工(gong)(gong)(gong)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)1、測(ce)量(liang)(liang)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)作（1）進(jin)(jin)場后對甲方提供的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)點、水準(zhun)點和標高(gao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)現(xian)場復(fu)測(ce)，填妥《測(ce)量(liang)(liang)復(fu)核記錄》并(bing)(bing)簽字備案。（2）測(ce)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)設：根據甲方所(suo)提供的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)點及國家的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關規(gui)范和有(you)(you)(you)(you)關設計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)要求進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，以測(ce)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)(wang)作為該(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)平面、高(gao)程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)放樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)首級控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)及依(yi)據。（3）各種測(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀器、工(gong)(gong)(gong)具均(jun)應(ying)按有(you)(you)(you)(you)關的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)管理(li)規(gui)定，在使用(yong)前(qian)送有(you)(you)(you)(you)關部門(men)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)，取得有(you)(you)(you)(you)關持(chi)檢(jian)部門(men)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)格證(zheng)書后才能使用(yong)。使用(yong)過程中有(you)(you)(you)(you)關人員應(ying)經常對所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)儀器、工(gong)(gong)(gong)具進(jin)(jin)行(xing)自(zi)檢(jian)、自(zi)校(xiao)使之保持(chi)在良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)狀態中。安(an)全(quan)員每天(tian)做好(hao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場巡視工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，發現(xian)問(wen)題及時(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)止糾正，重大安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患要下達整改通知(zhi)單并(bing)(bing)報上(shang)級部門(men)處理(li)。

該(gai)技(ji)術在我(wo)國沿海經(jing)(jing)濟發達地(di)(di)區大(da)范(fan)圍用于(yu)城市(shi)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)給排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、天然氣石(shi)油(you)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、通(tong)訊電纜(lan)等各種管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的非開(kai)挖鋪設(she)。它能(neng)穿越(yue)公(gong)路(lu)、鐵(tie)路(lu)、橋(qiao)梁、高山、河流、海峽和地(di)(di)面(mian)任何建(jian)筑物(wu)。采用該(gai)技(ji)術施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，能(neng)節(jie)約一大(da)筆征地(di)(di)拆遷費(fei)用、減少對環境污染和道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)的堵塞，具有明(ming)顯的經(jing)(jing)濟效益(yi)和社會效益(yi)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)井(jing)頂(ding)(ding)進井(jing)、接收井(jing)。類(lei)型手掘(jue)式、擠壓式、泥水(shui)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)式、三段(duan)兩(liang)鉸型水(shui)力(li)挖土式、多刀盤土壓平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)式。頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是繼(ji)盾構(gou)(gou)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之后(hou)而發展起(qi)來的一種地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，它不(bu)需要(yao)開(kai)挖面(mian)層，并且(qie)能(neng)夠(gou)穿越(yue)公(gong)路(lu)、鐵(tie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、河川(chuan)、地(di)(di)面(mian)建(jian)筑物(wu)、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)構(gou)(gou)筑物(wu)以(yi)及各種地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)線等。頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)借助于(yu)主(zhu)頂(ding)(ding)油(you)缸及管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)間中繼(ji)間等的推力(li)，把工(gong)(gong)(gong)具管(guan)(guan)或掘(jue)進機從工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)井(jing)內(nei)穿過土層一直推到接收井(jing)內(nei)吊起(qi)。與此同時，也就把緊隨(sui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具管(guan)(guan)或掘(jue)進機后(hou)的管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)埋設(she)在兩(liang)井(jing)之間，以(yi)期實現非開(kai)挖敷設(she)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。臨時水(shui)準點(dian)應設(she)置在交通(tong)要(yao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、挖填方(fang)(fang)范(fan)圍以(yi)外。福州DN2800水(shui)泥頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)市(shi)場價

廈門常達管業設(she)置的臨時水準(zhun)點應與沿線設(she)置的水準(zhun)點相(xiang)校(xiao)核至符合要求。集美區DN3000水泥頂管施(shi)工(gong)技術

世界(jie)上頭(tou)一(yi)個有據可查的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)于頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)是在1892年(nian)(nian)，比較(jiao)初的(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作業是在1896～1900年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)由(you)美國北太平洋鐵路公司(NorthernPacificRailroadCompany)完(wan)成(cheng)。我國頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)起步較(jiao)晚，自(zi)從1954年(nian)(nian)(也(ye)(ye)有認為(wei)是1953年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)，無確切記(ji)載)在北京進行的(de)(de)例(li)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)以來，我國從國外引進頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)已(yi)經正好半(ban)個世紀(ji)了(le)，早期發展較(jiao)慢，是以人工(gong)(gong)手掘式(shi)為(wei)主，設備非常(chang)簡陋，也(ye)(ye)無專(zhuan)門(men)的(de)(de)從業人員(yuan)，直至1964年(nian)(nian)前(qian)后上海頭(tou)一(yi)次(ci)使用機(ji)械(xie)式(shi)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)，上海的(de)(de)一(yi)些單位并進行了(le)大(da)口徑機(ji)械(xie)式(shi)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)各種試(shi)驗和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)一(yi)些理論研究。當時，口徑在2m的(de)(de)鋼筋混凝土(tu)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)一(yi)次(ci)推進距離(li)可達120m，同時也(ye)(ye)開(kai)始(shi)利用中繼間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。集美區DN3000水(shui)泥(ni)頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)

廈(sha)門常達(da)管業(ye)有限公司在建筑(zhu)、建材這一(yi)領域傾注了無(wu)限的(de)熱忱和激情，常達(da)管業(ye)一(yi)直以客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)為(wei)中心(xin)、為(wei)客(ke)戶(hu)(hu)創(chuang)(chuang)造價值的(de)理(li)念、以品質、服務(wu)來贏得市場，衷心(xin)希(xi)望(wang)能與社會各(ge)界合作，共創(chuang)(chuang)成(cheng)功(gong)，共創(chuang)(chuang)輝煌。相關業(ye)務(wu)歡(huan)迎(ying)垂詢。

本(ben)文來自沈陽喜納多采暖(nuan)工程有限公(gong)司：//zjlong.cn/Article/74a399671.html