電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端口通常會采用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)來保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)避免受到反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞！如下(xia)圖(tu)所示(shi)，幾乎絕(jue)大部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都會在輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端口添加一(yi)個甚至多個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容起到濾(lv)除輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)紋波和噪(zao)聲，而(er)且提供(gong)額外的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)于減小在負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動態變化時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)突(tu)升或突(tu)降的(de)(de)(de)(de)幅度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容可(ke)以(yi)承(cheng)受一(yi)些反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，但(dan)也不會很高，一(yi)般在1V到1.5V，過高的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)泄漏(lou)甚至更(geng)糟(zao)糕的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)保(bao)護二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)以(yi)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)以(yi)內，而(er)且保(bao)護二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐流(liu)值至少(shao)應該(gai)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)。觸(chu)發(fa)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)又稱雙向(xiang)(xiang)觸(chu)發(fa)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（DIAC）屬(shu)三層結構，具有對稱性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)端半導(dao)體器件。東莞二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)作用(yong)(yong)

發光(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們生活(huo)(huo)中(zhong)是比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，比(bi)(bi)如說：商業的(de)(de)(de)(de)走字燈(deng)，交通燈(deng)，LED屏幕，LED燈(deng)泡等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)是一(yi)(yi)種用(yong)鍺或者硅半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)材(cai)料(liao)做成的(de)(de)(de)(de)，半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)材(cai)料(liao)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)性能在(zai)(zai)常(chang)(chang)溫下(xia)介(jie)于導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)和絕緣(yuan)體(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)間，一(yi)(yi)百多年前就(jiu)有(you)這(zhe)個東西(xi)了，是半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)器(qi)件家族中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)元老了。發光(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)只是二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)其中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，還有(you)許多不同用(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)：整流二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、穩壓(ya)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、光(guang)(guang)電(dian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、開(kai)關二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。整流二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)們生活(huo)(huo)中(zhong)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)常(chang)(chang)見(jian)，都用(yong)在(zai)(zai)交流轉直(zhi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)路中(zhong)：手機充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，電(dian)腦充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)，電(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。東莞晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)出廠價環形調(diao)制(zhi)專門用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)就(jiu)是正向(xiang)特性一(yi)(yi)致性好的(de)(de)(de)(de)四個二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合件。

二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)是十分(fen)常用(yong)的(de)基(ji)礎元器件。在(zai)主回路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，串(chuan)聯一(yi)(yi)個(ge)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)，是利用(yong)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)單向(xiang)導(dao)(dao)電的(de)特性，實現了較(jiao)簡(jian)單可靠的(de)低(di)成本防反(fan)(fan)接功能(neng)電路(lu)(lu)。這(zhe)種低(di)成本方案(an)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)小電流(liu)的(de)場合，類似(si)小玩具等。因為二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)導(dao)(dao)通會有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)0.7V（硅管(guan)）的(de)導(dao)(dao)通壓降，如(ru)果實際(ji)電流(liu)很大(da)的(de)話，那么(me)就會產生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)熱損(sun)耗，會導(dao)(dao)致發熱。而(er)且如(ru)果反(fan)(fan)接的(de)電壓很大(da)的(de)話，超過(guo)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)截止電壓，也(ye)會擊(ji)穿(chuan)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)本身，導(dao)(dao)致二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)失效，起不到(dao)防反(fan)(fan)接的(de)功能(neng)，從而(er)不能(neng)起到(dao)保護后(hou)級電路(lu)(lu)的(de)作用(yong)了。

肖(xiao)特基二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)（SchottkyBarrierDiode）它(ta)是(shi)(shi)具有肖(xiao)特基特性的"金屬半導(dao)體結(jie)"的二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)。其正向起始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較(jiao)低。其金屬層除材料(liao)外，還(huan)可以采用(yong)金、鉬(mu)、鎳、鈦等材料(liao)。其半導(dao)體材料(liao)采用(yong)硅或(huo)砷化(hua)鎵，多為N型(xing)半導(dao)體。這(zhe)種器件是(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)多數載流子(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的，所(suo)以，其反向飽和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)以少(shao)數載流子(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的PN結(jie)大(da)得多。由(you)(you)于肖(xiao)特基二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)中少(shao)數載流子(zi)(zi)的存貯(zhu)效應(ying)甚微，所(suo)以其頻率響只為RC時間常(chang)數限(xian)制(zhi)，因而，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)頻和(he)快速開關的理想器件。其工作頻率可達100GHz。并且，MIS（金屬－絕緣體－半導(dao)體）肖(xiao)特基二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)則可以用(yong)來制(zhi)作太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或(huo)發(fa)光二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)。在規定散熱條件下(xia)，二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)使用(yong)中不要超過二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)比較(jiao)大(da)整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值。

二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)子元件(jian)，具(ju)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個PN結，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)電(dian)路(lu)中起到整流、檢(jian)波、開關、穩壓等作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。由于(yu)(yu)其具(ju)有(you)(you)體積小、功耗(hao)低、可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)高、易(yi)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)等優點，被廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)各種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)子設備和系統中。二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)類型有(you)(you)很多，其中常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)硅二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和鍺二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。硅二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)分為(wei)普通硅二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和肖特(te)基(ji)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等，它們都具(ju)有(you)(you)單向(xiang)導電(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過整流電(dian)路(lu)將交流電(dian)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)直(zhi)流電(dian)。此外，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)開關管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)使用(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通斷。在(zai)穩壓電(dian)路(lu)中，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)反向(xiang)擊(ji)穿器(qi)(qi)件(jian)，將過高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓鉗位(wei)在(zai)安全范圍內。除了以(yi)(yi)上基(ji)本(ben)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)外，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)還有(you)(you)其他一(yi)(yi)些特(te)殊(shu)用(yong)(yong)途。例(li)如，利用(yong)(yong)其電(dian)容(rong)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)濾波器(qi)(qi)、旁路(lu)電(dian)路(lu)等；利用(yong)(yong)其伏安特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)變電(dian)阻器(qi)(qi)；利用(yong)(yong)其溫度特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫度傳感器(qi)(qi)；利用(yong)(yong)其光(guang)學特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)光(guang)電(dian)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。總(zong)之，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)子元件(jian)，它在(zai)各種(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)路(lu)中發揮(hui)著重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。隨著科技的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷發展，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能和應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)范圍也在(zai)不(bu)斷拓展和改進。硅功率開關二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)具(ju)有(you)(you)高速導通與截止的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。東莞晶體二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)出廠(chang)價(jia)

對高傳導(dao)鍵型二(er)極管而(er)言(yan)，能(neng)夠(gou)得到更(geng)優(you)良的(de)特(te)性。這類二(er)極管，在負荷(he)電阻特(te)別(bie)低的(de)情況下，整流效率較高。東(dong)莞(guan)二(er)極管作用(yong)

二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)：整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)電路(lu)輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電轉換成單向(xiang)(xiang)脈動性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電，這就是交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)過程(cheng)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電路(lu)主要(yao)由(you)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)組成。經過整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電路(lu)之后的(de)(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)已經不(bu)是交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)，而是一種含有(you)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)和(he)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)混合(he)電壓(ya)(ya)，習慣上稱單向(xiang)(xiang)脈動性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)；穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)，具備穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)叫(jiao)做穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)，英(ying)文名稱Zener diode，又叫(jiao)齊納(na)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)。利用(yong)PN結(jie)反向(xiang)(xiang)擊穿狀態(tai)，其電流(liu)(liu)可在很大范圍內變化(hua)而電壓(ya)(ya)基(ji)本(ben)不(bu)變。東莞二(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)作(zuo)用(yong)

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