電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)銅(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)效率是指在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)過程(cheng)中，實際(ji)沉(chen)(chen)積在(zai)(zai)工件表面的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)理(li)論上應(ying)沉(chen)(chen)積的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)之比。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)效率的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)公式(shi)為：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)效率=實際(ji)沉(chen)(chen)積銅(tong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)/理(li)論沉(chen)(chen)積銅(tong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)×100%其(qi)中，實際(ji)沉(chen)(chen)積銅(tong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)可以通過稱量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)前后工件的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)差來計(ji)算(suan)，而理(li)論沉(chen)(chen)積銅(tong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)則(ze)可以通過法(fa)拉第(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)定律來計(ji)算(suan)。法(fa)拉第(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)定律表明(ming)，在(zai)(zai)相同的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密度(du)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時間成正(zheng)比，與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)中離(li)子(zi)濃度(du)成正(zheng)比。因此，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)銅(tong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中，需要控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)密度(du)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液(ye)中銅(tong)離(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)，以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)效率。同時，還需要注意(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)、攪拌速度(du)、PH值(zhi)等因素，以保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)和(he)一(yi)致性(xing)。PVD鍍(du)膜(mo)設備的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)經驗可延(yan)伸至HJT電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)銅(tong)工藝。廣東釜(fu)川電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)銅(tong)絲網印刷

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是一種(zhong)非接觸式的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極制(zhi)備(bei)工藝(yi)，有望助力光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池實現完全無銀(yin)(yin)化(hua)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍技(ji)術在印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板PCB等行(xing)業(ye)應用成(cheng)熟，亦可用于(yu)晶硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池金屬(shu)化(hua)環節(jie)，其原理是在基體金屬(shu)表面通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)方法(fa)沉積金屬(shu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)作銅(tong)(tong)(tong)柵線，進(jin)而(er)作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極收(shou)集光伏(fu)效應產(chan)生的(de)載(zai)流(liu)子。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍工藝(yi)發(fa)展優(you)勢明顯，較(jiao)銀(yin)(yin)漿(jiang)絲(si)網(wang)(wang)印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)具備(bei)更低的(de)銀(yin)(yin)漿(jiang)成(cheng)本(ben)、更優(you)的(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能、更好的(de)塑性和(he)高寬比，有望替代(dai)高銀(yin)(yin)耗的(de)絲(si)網(wang)(wang)印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)技(ji)術，進(jin)一步提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池效率和(he)降低銀(yin)(yin)漿(jiang)成(cheng)本(ben)，助力HJT和(he)XBC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池降本(ben)增效和(he)規模化(hua)發(fa)展。廣東釜(fu)川(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍銅(tong)(tong)(tong)絲(si)網(wang)(wang)印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍銅(tong)(tong)(tong)可以用于(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)金屬(shu)表面，包(bao)括鋼鐵、鋁(lv)合金、不銹鋼等，具有廣泛(fan)的(de)應用范圍(wei)。

電鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)各環節技(ji)術(shu)(shu)方案包括（1）種(zhong)子(zi)層(ceng)(ceng)：設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)主(zhu)要(yao)采用(yong) PVD，主(zhu)要(yao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)分歧 在(zai)(zai)于(yu)是否制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)種(zhong)子(zi)層(ceng)(ceng)、制(zhi)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)整面/局部(bu)種(zhong)子(zi)層(ceng)(ceng)和種(zhong)子(zi)層(ceng)(ceng)金(jin)屬選用(yong)；（2）圖形化：感光(guang)(guang)(guang)材料 分為干膜(mo)(mo)和油墨，主(zhu)要(yao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)分歧在(zai)(zai)于(yu)曝(pu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)顯影環節選用(yong)掩膜(mo)(mo)類光(guang)(guang)(guang)刻/LDI 激光(guang)(guang)(guang)直寫/激光(guang)(guang)(guang) 開槽；（3）電鍍(du)(du)：主(zhu)要(yao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)分歧在(zai)(zai)于(yu)水平鍍(du)(du)/垂直鍍(du)(du)/光(guang)(guang)(guang)誘導(dao)電鍍(du)(du)。釜川（無錫）智能(neng)科技(ji)有限公司，以(yi)半導(dao)體生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、太(tai)陽能(neng)電池生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)為主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)(chan)品，打造光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)一體化服務(wu)。擁有強大的科研團隊(dui)，憑借技(ji)術(shu)(shu)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)(li)，在(zai)(zai)清洗制(zhi)絨設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、PECVD設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、PVD設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、電鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)等方面都有獨特優勢；以(yi)高效加工(gong)制(zhi)造、快速終端交(jiao)付的能(neng)力(li)(li)，為客戶提供(gong)整線工(gong)藝設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的交(jiao)付服務(wu)。

銅(tong)(tong)電(dian)鍍(du)是一種非接觸式的電(dian)極金(jin)屬(shu)化技術，在基體金(jin)屬(shu)表(biao)面通過電(dian)解方法沉積(ji)金(jin)屬(shu)銅(tong)(tong)制作銅(tong)(tong)柵線，收集光伏效應產生的 載流子。為(wei)解決電(dian)鍍(du)銅(tong)(tong)與(yu)透(tou)明導電(dian)薄膜（TCO）之間的接觸與(yu)附(fu)著(zhu)(zhu)性(xing)問題，需先(xian) 使用(yong) PVD 設備(bei)鍍(du)一層極薄的銅(tong)(tong)種子層（100nm），銜接前序的 TCO 和后(hou)序的電(dian) 鍍(du)銅(tong)(tong)，種子層制備(bei)后(hou)還需對(dui)其進(jin)(jin)行快速(su)燒結處理，以進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)強化附(fu)著(zhu)(zhu)力。同(tong)時， 銅(tong)(tong)種子層作為(wei)后(hou)續(xu)電(dian)鍍(du)銅(tong)(tong)的勢壘(lei)層，可防止銅(tong)(tong)向硅內部(bu)擴散。銀(yin)漿成本高(gao)有四大(da)降本路(lu)徑，兩(liang)大(da)方向。一是減(jian)少高(gao)價低(di)溫銀(yin)漿用(yong)量，例(li)如多主 柵（MBB）、激(ji)光轉(zhuan)印；二是減(jian)少銀(yin)粉的用(yong)量，使用(yong)賤金(jin)屬(shu)替代部(bu)分銀(yin)粉，例(li) 如銀(yin)包銅(tong)(tong)、電(dian)鍍(du)銅(tong)(tong)。光伏電(dian)鍍(du)銅(tong)(tong)設備(bei)圖形轉(zhuan)移技術， 會(hui)用(yong)到曝光機、油墨印刷機等。

電(dian)鍍銅圖(tu)形(xing)化環(huan)節(jie)主要包含(han)掩(yan)膜(mo)(mo)、曝光(guang)(guang)(guang)、顯影(ying)幾(ji)個步驟。其(qi)(qi)中，掩(yan)膜(mo)(mo)環(huan)節(jie)是將抗刻(ke)蝕的感光(guang)(guang)(guang)材(cai)料涂(tu)覆在(zai)電(dian)池表面以遮蓋(gai)保護不需(xu)要被電(dian)鍍的區(qu)域，感光(guang)(guang)(guang)材(cai)料主要有濕(shi)膜(mo)(mo)油墨(mo)、干(gan)膜(mo)(mo)材(cai)料等。曝光(guang)(guang)(guang)、顯影(ying)環(huan)節(jie)是將圖(tu)形(xing)轉移至感光(guang)(guang)(guang)材(cai)料上，主要技(ji)術有LDI激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)直寫(xie)光(guang)(guang)(guang)刻(ke)（無(wu)需(xu)掩(yan)膜(mo)(mo)）、常規(gui)掩(yan)膜(mo)(mo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)刻(ke)技(ji)術、激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)開槽(cao)、噴墨(mo)打印等；其(qi)(qi)中無(wu)需(xu)掩(yan)膜(mo)(mo)的LDI激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)直寫(xie)光(guang)(guang)(guang)刻(ke)技(ji)術應(ying)用潛力較大，激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)(guang)開槽(cao)在(zai)BC類電(dian)池上已有量產應(ying)用，整(zheng)體看圖(tu)形(xing)化技(ji)術路線有望逐步明確和定型。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)鍍銅工藝，降本增(zeng)效。廣東(dong)釜川電(dian)鍍銅絲網印刷

光伏(fu)電鍍銅主(zhu)要對(dui)柵線進行電鍍，傳統電子行業電鍍的(de)機械通孔和激光盲孔相對(dui)電鍍加(jia)工自身來(lai)說加(jia)工難度不高。廣東釜川電鍍銅絲網印刷(shua)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)工藝主(zhu)要(yao)包括垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、水平(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、插片(pian)(pian)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等，其中垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)升降式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)連續式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，當前多種技術(shu)路線并行(xing)，如何提(ti)升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)產能和質量性能、降低碎片(pian)(pian)率(lv)將是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)片(pian)(pian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)機(ji)提(ti)升和改善的方向，伴隨(sui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)工藝精簡優化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)銅技術(shu)有(you)望于2024年逐步(bu)明確技術(shu)選型。垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：掛鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，夾具夾住待鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)插入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)槽進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)連續式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)升降式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的產能有(you)所提(ti)高，垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)連續電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)設(she)備(bei)目前正在制(zhi)造第三代(dai)設(she)備(bei)，將擁有(you)產能規模大(da)（8000片(pian)(pian)/小時以上）、破(po)片(pian)(pian)率(lv)低（小于0.1%）、均(jun)勻性好、高效節能、清潔環保(bao)等優勢。水平(ping)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)槽內通過滾輪水平(ping)傳輸待鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，滾輪導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使種子(zi)層形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)系統陰極，在通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及水平(ping)傳輸中實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。廣東釜川電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)銅絲網印刷

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