測(ce)(ce)試(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好壞(huai)，一(yi)(yi)）普通二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)（包括(kuo)檢波二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、整(zheng)流(liu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、阻(zu)(zu)尼二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、開關二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)、續流(liu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)）是(shi)由(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)PN結(jie)(jie)(jie)構成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半導(dao)體器(qi)件(jian)，具有單向導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)。通過用萬(wan)用表(biao)檢測(ce)(ce)其(qi)正、反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)，可以判(pan)別出(chu)(chu)(chu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，還可估測(ce)(ce)出(chu)(chu)(chu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)否損壞(huai)。1．極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)別將(jiang)萬(wan)用表(biao)置于R×100檔或(huo)R×1k檔，兩(liang)表(biao)筆分別接二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，測(ce)(ce)出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)后，對調兩(liang)表(biao)筆，再測(ce)(ce)出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)。兩(liang)次(ci)(ci)測(ce)(ce)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)中，有一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)測(ce)(ce)量出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)較(jiao)大（為反向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)），一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)測(ce)(ce)量出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)較(jiao)小（為正向電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)）。在(zai)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)測(ce)(ce)量中，黑表(biao)筆接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，紅(hong)表(biao)筆接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)正向導(dao)通后，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正向壓降(jiang)基(ji)本保持不變(bian)。廣東晶體二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)

外加正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)特性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起始部(bu)分，正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)很小，不(bu)足(zu)以克服PN結(jie)內(nei)(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻擋作用(yong)，正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)幾(ji)乎(hu)為(wei)零，這一(yi)段稱(cheng)為(wei)死(si)(si)區(qu)(qu)。這個不(bu)能使二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管導(dao)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)稱(cheng)為(wei)死(si)(si)區(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。當正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大(da)于死(si)(si)區(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)以后(hou)，PN結(jie)內(nei)(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)被克服，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管導(dao)通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)增(zeng)大(da)而迅速(su)上升。在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)常使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)范圍內(nei)(nei)，導(dao)通時二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)幾(ji)乎(hu)維持不(bu)變，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)稱(cheng)為(wei)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)外加反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)超過一(yi)定范圍時，通過二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是少數載流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子漂(piao)移(yi)運動所形成反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，由于反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)很小，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管處于截止狀(zhuang)態(tai)。這個反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)又稱(cheng)為(wei)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)或(huo)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)受溫度影響很大(da)。佛山(shan)晶體(ti)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管批發現今較普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管大(da)多是使用(yong)半導(dao)體(ti)材料如(ru)硅或(huo)鍺。

穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)這種管(guan)(guan)子(zi)是利用(yong)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反向擊(ji)穿(chuan)特性制(zhi)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中其兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保持基本不變，起到穩定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。是代替穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)。被制(zhi)作(zuo)成為(wei)(wei)硅的(de)(de)(de)(de)擴(kuo)散(san)型或合金(jin)型。是反向擊(ji)穿(chuan)特性曲線(xian)急驟變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)使用(yong)而制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（又稱(cheng)齊納(na)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)）從3V左右到150V，按每隔10%，能(neng)劃分(fen)成許多(duo)等(deng)級。在功率方面，也有從200mW至100W以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)。工作(zuo)在反向擊(ji)穿(chuan)狀(zhuang)態，硅材(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)作(zuo)，動態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)RZ很小，一般為(wei)(wei)2CW、2CW56等(deng)；將(jiang)兩(liang)個(ge)互補二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)反向串接以減少溫度系數則為(wei)(wei)2DW型。

用(yong)(yong)于(yu)自(zi)動頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)控制（AFC）和調諧(xie)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)小功率(lv)(lv)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)稱變容(rong)(rong)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)。日本廠商方面也(ye)有其它許多(duo)叫法。通(tong)過施加反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使其PN結(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量發(fa)生變化。因(yin)此(ci)，被使用(yong)(yong)于(yu)自(zi)動頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)控制、掃描振蕩、調頻(pin)(pin)和調諧(xie)等(deng)(deng)用(yong)(yong)途。通(tong)常，雖(sui)然(ran)是采(cai)用(yong)(yong)硅(gui)的(de)(de)擴(kuo)散型(xing)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)，但(dan)是也(ye)可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)合金(jin)擴(kuo)散型(xing)、外延結(jie)(jie)合型(xing)、雙重擴(kuo)散型(xing)等(deng)(deng)特(te)殊制作的(de)(de)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)，因(yin)為這些(xie)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而(er)言，其靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)變化率(lv)(lv)特(te)別大(da)。結(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)隨反(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓VR變化，取代可(ke)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，用(yong)(yong)作調諧(xie)回路(lu)、振蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、鎖相環路(lu)，常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視機高頻(pin)(pin)頭(tou)的(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)道轉(zhuan)換和調諧(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，多(duo)數以(yi)硅(gui)材料制作。在(zai)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)制造工藝(yi)上，使它有低壓擊穿特(te)性。穩壓二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)反(fan)向擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓恒定。

二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用：整流(liu)，整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用是(shi)(shi)將交(jiao)流(liu)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)較低的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換成(cheng)單(dan)向脈(mo)動(dong)性直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就是(shi)(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)整流(liu)過程，整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)主要由整流(liu)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)。經(jing)過整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)之后的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)已(yi)經(jing)不是(shi)(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)一種含有直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，習慣上稱單(dan)向脈(mo)動(dong)性直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)；穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，具備穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)叫做穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，英文名稱Zener diode，又叫齊(qi)納二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。利(li)用PN結反向擊穿狀(zhuang)態(tai)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可在很(hen)大范圍內變(bian)化而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)基本不變(bian)。穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)實質上是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)面(mian)結型硅二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)工作(zuo)(zuo)在反向擊穿狀(zhuang)態(tai)。廣州電(dian)(dian)(dian)子二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)銷售廠家

二(er)極(ji)管又稱(cheng)晶(jing)體二(er)極(ji)管,簡稱(cheng)二(er)極(ji)管(diode).廣(guang)東晶(jing)體二(er)極(ji)管

有在小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)下（10mA程度）使用(yong)的(de)邏(luo)輯運(yun)算和(he)在數百毫安下使用(yong)的(de)磁芯激勵用(yong)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)二極(ji)管。小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)二極(ji)管通常有點接(jie)(jie)觸型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)鍵型(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)二極(ji)管，也(ye)有在高(gao)溫下還(huan)可能工作的(de)硅擴散型(xing)(xing)(xing)、臺面型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)平面型(xing)(xing)(xing)二極(ji)管。開(kai)關(guan)(guan)二極(ji)管的(de)特長是(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)速(su)(su)度快(kuai)。而肖(xiao)特基型(xing)(xing)(xing)二極(ji)管的(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)時(shi)間特短，因(yin)而是(shi)理(li)想的(de)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)二極(ji)管。2AK型(xing)(xing)(xing)點接(jie)(jie)觸為(wei)中速(su)(su)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)用(yong)；2CK型(xing)(xing)(xing)平面接(jie)(jie)觸為(wei)高(gao)速(su)(su)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)用(yong)；用(yong)于開(kai)關(guan)(guan)、限(xian)幅、鉗位或檢波等(deng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)；肖(xiao)特基（SBD）硅大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)，正向壓降小，速(su)(su)度快(kuai)、效(xiao)率較高(gao)。廣東(dong)晶(jing)體二極(ji)管

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