上世紀80年代以來(lai)發展更(geng)為迅速，頂管(guan)(guan)施工(gong)技術無論(lun)在(zai)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)上，還(huan)是在(zai)施工(gong)工(gong)藝方(fang)面，都有了(le)長足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)發展。1984年前(qian)后，我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)京、上海(hai)(hai)、南京等地先后開始引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)國外先進(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械式頂管(guan)(guan)設(she)備，使我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)頂管(guan)(guan)技術上了(le)一(yi)個新臺(tai)(tai)階。尤其(qi)是在(zai)上海(hai)(hai)市政公司引(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)日本伊勢機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ISEKI)公司的(de)(de)(de)800mm直徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)Telemale頂管(guan)(guan)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之后，國外的(de)(de)(de)頂管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)、施工(gong)技術和(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)經驗也進(jin)(jin)(jin)入中國，如土壓(ya)平衡(heng)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)、泥水平頂管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)各種試驗和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)研究。當時(shi)(shi)，口徑(jing)在(zai)2m的(de)(de)(de)鋼筋混凝(ning)土管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)距離可達(da)120m，后在(zai)1988和(he)1992年研制成功我(wo)國頭一(yi)臺(tai)(tai)多(duo)刀(dao)盤(pan)土壓(ya)平衡(heng)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(DN2720mm)和(he)頭一(yi)臺(tai)(tai)加泥式土壓(ya)平衡(heng)式掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(DN1440mm)，均取得了(le)較令人滿意的(de)(de)(de)效果。與此同時(shi)(shi)，對(dui)頂管(guan)(guan)技術的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)論(lun)研究的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注逐年增強，并開始出現了(le)比較專業的(de)(de)(de)技術人員(yuan)，90年代后，以當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)頂管(guan)(guan)掘(jue)進(jin)(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)(ji)還(huan)不(bu)夠完(wan)善。臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)水準(zhun)點應設(she)置在(zai)交通要道(dao)、挖填方(fang)范(fan)圍以外。龍巖DN1000水泥頂管(guan)(guan)施工(gong)價格

安(an)(an)全(quan)、文明(ming)施(shi)工(gong)措(cuo)施(shi)4.1機械作業要嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格按(an)文明(ming)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)有關規定進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)禁擾民影響市(shi)容的(de)(de)現(xian)象出(chu)現(xian)。4.2嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格遵守“建筑工(gong)地安(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)六大紀律”，進(jin)(jin)入人員(yuan)一(yi)律戴(dai)好安(an)(an)全(quan)帽(mao)。4.3車輛(liang)進(jin)(jin)出(chu)聽從現(xian)場指揮(hui)，粘土必須(xu)清潔后方(fang)可(ke)外運確保市(shi)容整潔。4.4頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)前(qian)，做(zuo)好各(ge)(ge)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)危險源辨識(shi)工(gong)作，根據危險辨識(shi)結果制(zhi)定相應的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)防范措(cuo)施(shi)并向(xiang)施(shi)工(gong)人員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)交底(di)。4.5建立健全(quan)安(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)崗(gang)位責任(ren)制(zhi)，在施(shi)工(gong)之前(qian)要逐級的(de)(de)分(fen)部分(fen)項的(de)(de)、有針對性(xing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)技術交底(di)，施(shi)工(gong)隊每天作業前(qian)都要進(jin)(jin)行(xing)班前(qian)教育，并做(zuo)好記錄。4.6各(ge)(ge)種工(gong)序(xu)要按(an)照各(ge)(ge)項操(cao)作規程施(shi)工(gong)，嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)禁違(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)指揮(hui)、違(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)操(cao)作。4.7編制(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場臨時用電(dian)(dian)專項方(fang)案，各(ge)(ge)種電(dian)(dian)器設備要做(zuo)到一(yi)機、一(yi)閘、一(yi)箱、一(yi)漏保。泉(quan)州DN2800水(shui)泥頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)電(dian)(dian)話各(ge)(ge)種工(gong)序(xu)要按(an)照各(ge)(ge)項操(cao)作規程施(shi)工(gong)，嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)禁違(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)指揮(hui)、違(wei)章(zhang)(zhang)操(cao)作。

頂管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)法是先在工(gong)(gong)作井內設(she)置支座和安裝主(zhu)千斤(jin)頂，所(suo)需(xu)鋪設(she)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)緊跟在工(gong)(gong)具(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)，在主(zhu)千斤(jin)頂推力的作用(yong)下工(gong)(gong)具(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)向土(tu)層(ceng)內掘進(jin)，掘出(chu)的泥土(tu)由土(tu)泵(beng)或螺旋輸(shu)送機排出(chu)或以泥漿的形式通過泥漿泵(beng)經管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)排出(chu).，推進(jin)一節管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)后(hou)，主(zhu)千斤(jin)頂縮(suo)回，吊裝上另一節管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)，繼續頂進(jin)。如此(ci)往復，直至(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)鋪設(she)完畢。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)鋪設(she)完畢后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)具(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)從接(jie)收井吊至(zhi)地面。目前，頂管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)法分(fen)為(wei)敞開人工(gong)(gong)手掘式（開放型(xing)）和密封機械式頂管(guan)(guan)(guan)（密封型(xing)）施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法，其(qi)中機械式頂管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)常(chang)用(yong)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法又(you)有泥水平衡(heng)(heng)式和土(tu)壓平衡(heng)(heng)式兩種，頂管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)常(chang)用(yong)的管(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)有砼管(guan)(guan)(guan)、鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、玻璃(li)夾(jia)砂鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)所(suo)采(cai)用(yong)的主(zhu)要(yao)設(she)備(bei)為(wei)信息(xi)化(hua)及全自動化(hua)泥水平衡(heng)(heng)頂管(guan)(guan)(guan)機。

在(zai)頂(ding)進過程中(zhong)不(bu)斷注漿，由于(yu)施(shi)工擾(rao)動，管道上(shang)方的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)體沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)比(bi)較為嚴重，可(ke)達到10mm，成放射狀向(xiang)上(shang)擴展，并且沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量在(zai)不(bu)斷縮小(xiao)；管道下(xia)方土(tu)(tu)體有拱(gong)起(qi)，比(bi)較大(da)拱(gong)起(qi)量可(ke)達到9mm。不(bu)同溫度下(xia)處(chu)理3d玉米種(zhong)子的(de)(de)(de)4d平均發芽率(lv)見圖1，玉米種(zhong)子在(zai)不(bu)同溫度下(xia)處(chu)理3d的(de)(de)(de)7d平均發芽率(lv)見圖2。在(zai)開挖計算(suan)初期，地(di)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)監測(ce)點(dian)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)位移(yi)變化速率(lv)很快，隨著觸變泥漿的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，位移(yi)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)量變化速率(lv)減慢，逐漸(jian)趨于(yu)穩定值。在(zai)施(shi)工完成后(hou)，觸變泥漿固(gu)化，隨之對上(shang)方土(tu)(tu)體起(qi)到很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)支撐作(zuo)用(yong)，土(tu)(tu)體沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)有一定的(de)(de)(de)恢復，且越(yue)接(jie)近地(di)表(biao)(biao)作(zuo)用(yong)越(yue)小(xiao)。管道正上(shang)方的(de)(de)(de)地(di)表(biao)(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)比(bi)較大(da)，監測(ce)點(dian)按2m間距布置，在(zai)距離管中(zhong)線12m處(chu)地(di)表(biao)(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)為0.03mm，幾乎沒有位移(yi)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)；在(zai)距管中(zhong)線12m范圍內施(shi)工會引起(qi)地(di)表(biao)(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)，在(zai)此范圍內應(ying)該加(jia)強地(di)表(biao)(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)現場監測(ce)。各分項工程施(shi)工前，應(ying)由項目(mu)技術負責人向(xiang)參加(jia)該項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)全體施(shi)工人員進行技術交底(di)。

頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施工(gong)(gong)就是非(fei)開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)施工(gong)(gong)方法，是一(yi)種(zhong)不開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)或(huo)者少開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道埋(mai)設施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術。頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)法施工(gong)(gong)就是在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)坑(keng)內(nei)借助于頂(ding)進(jin)設備產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)力，克服管(guan)(guan)(guan)道與周圍土(tu)(tu)壤的(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦力，將管(guan)(guan)(guan)道按設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坡度頂(ding)入土(tu)(tu)中，并將土(tu)(tu)方運走(zou)。一(yi)節管(guan)(guan)(guan)子完成頂(ding)入土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)之后，再下第(di)二節管(guan)(guan)(guan)子繼續頂(ding)進(jin)。其原理是借助于主頂(ding)油缸及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道間(jian)、中繼間(jian)等推力，把工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)掘進(jin)機(ji)(ji)從(cong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)坑(keng)內(nei)穿過土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)一(yi)直推進(jin)到(dao)接收坑(keng)內(nei)吊(diao)起。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道緊隨工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)掘進(jin)機(ji)(ji)后，埋(mai)設在(zai)(zai)兩坑(keng)之間(jian)。非(fei)開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術徹底解決了管(guan)(guan)(guan)道埋(mai)設施工(gong)(gong)中對城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞和(he)道路交(jiao)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堵塞等難題，在(zai)(zai)穩定土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)和(he)環境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)方面(mian)凸顯其優勢。這對交(jiao)通(tong)繁忙、人口(kou)密集、地(di)面(mian)建(jian)筑物眾多、地(di)下管(guan)(guan)(guan)線復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)是非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)將為城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)創造一(yi)個潔凈、舒(shu)適和(he)美好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)。根據(ju)當前(qian)實(shi)際情況，快速掌(zhang)握材料質量、價(jia)格、供貨能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息、選擇(ze)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供貨廠(chang)家，從(cong)而確保工(gong)(gong)程質量。同安區DN1600非(fei)開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施工(gong)(gong)招(zhao)標(biao)

原材料及(ji)成品、半(ban)成品的質(zhi)量必須合格(ge)(ge)，嚴格(ge)(ge)按國家規范(fan)和驗(yan)收標準(zhun)進行檢驗(yan)。龍(long)巖(yan)DN1000水泥頂管(guan)施工(gong)價格(ge)(ge)

數值(zhi)(zhi)模擬計(ji)(ji)算模型(xing)本項目共設有(you)7處(chu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)總(zong)長(chang)540m，各處(chu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)以及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)上比(bi)較大覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)見表(biao)1。表(biao)1頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)及覆(fu)蓋土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)統計(ji)(ji)表(biao)序號(hao)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)/m覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)/m1725.72685.33565.64725.15685.461645.87405.7圖(tu)2三維數值(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)(ji)算模型(xing)選取比(bi)較長(chang)一段頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施工(gong)距離，建(jian)立數值(zhi)(zhi)模擬的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理模型(xing)，即頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)164m，上覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)5.79m，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)與上覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙按(an)20mm計(ji)(ji)算，管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內徑為(wei)3m，壁厚(hou)為(wei)0.3m，單管(guan)(guan)(guan)節長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)4m。模型(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)X*Y*Z為(wei)164*24*18m，淺(qian)藍(lan)色表(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)體之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙、綠色表(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)壁厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)、紅(hong)色表(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)體中的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)體、淺(qian)綠色表(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)周圍的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)體。模型(xing)包含(han)56437個節點，324071個單元。在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)中心上方(fang)地表(biao)設置(zhi)監(jian)測點，兩側間(jian)隔2m分別設置(zhi)15個監(jian)測點，在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)上方(fang)到地表(biao)設置(zhi)5個監(jian)測點。龍巖DN1000水泥(ni)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施工(gong)價格(ge)

行(xing)路致遠，砥礪前(qian)行(xing)。廈門(men)常達管業有限公(gong)司致力成(cheng)為與(yu)您(nin)(nin)共(gong)贏(ying)、共(gong)生、共(gong)同前(qian)行(xing)的(de)(de)戰略伙(huo)伴，更(geng)矢志成(cheng)為建(jian)筑、建(jian)材(cai)富有影響力的(de)(de)企業，與(yu)您(nin)(nin)一起(qi)飛躍，共(gong)同成(cheng)功！

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