三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)半導體(ti)器(qi)件，由(you)三個(ge)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)組成：P型(xing)(xing)區(qu)(qu)、N型(xing)(xing)區(qu)(qu)和(he)P型(xing)(xing)區(qu)(qu)。當三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)接收(shou)到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓信號(hao)時，它會(hui)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)發(fa)射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)。這種(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)使得(de)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備中(zhong)非常重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元件之一(yi)。三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)原理是(shi)基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化會(hui)導致集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)發(fa)射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變(bian)化，從而實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放大和(he)開(kai)關控(kong)制(zhi)。三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)可以分(fen)為NPN型(xing)(xing)和(he)PNP型(xing)(xing)兩種(zhong)(zhong)。NPN型(xing)(xing)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為P型(xing)(xing)，集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)發(fa)射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為N型(xing)(xing)；PNP型(xing)(xing)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為N型(xing)(xing)，集(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)發(fa)射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為P型(xing)(xing)。兩種(zhong)(zhong)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作原理相(xiang)同，只是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向相(xiang)反。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)設(she)計中(zhong)，需要根據具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用場(chang)景選擇(ze)合適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)類型(xing)(xing)。三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失(shi)效可能(neng)會(hui)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障和(he)損壞(huai)。梅州本(ben)地三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)工(gong)作原理

盡管(guan)(guan)三(san)極管(guan)(guan)具(ju)有(you)許(xu)多(duo)的(de)優點，但其實(shi)也還是(shi)(shi)存(cun)在(zai)一些缺點。對于放(fang)大(da)器的(de)運(yun)用而言，三(san)極管(guan)(guan)比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)其實(shi)是(shi)(shi)失(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)，這通常(chang)發生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)輸出信號達到其比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)值時(shi)，并且會(hui)降(jiang)低(di)放(fang)大(da)器的(de)效果(guo)。為了解決這個問(wen)題(ti)，可以(yi)采用負反(fan)饋電路和非線性元件來抵消(xiao)失(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)。另(ling)一個非常(chang)重要的(de)問(wen)題(ti)是(shi)(shi)三(san)極管(guan)(guan)的(de)溫度特性。由(you)于三(san)極管(guan)(guan)的(de)性能隨(sui)溫度變化而變化，因此必(bi)須設計適(shi)當的(de)散(san)熱系(xi)統(tong)來控制溫度。高(gao)溫會(hui)使三(san)極管(guan)(guan)產生(sheng)(sheng)許(xu)多(duo)問(wen)題(ti)，包括減少壽命、增加失(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)和降(jiang)低(di)可靠性等(deng)。深圳(zhen)整(zheng)流(liu)三(san)極管(guan)(guan)批發三(san)極管(guan)(guan)的(de)原(yuan)始設計是(shi)(shi)由(you)肖克(ke)利發明的(de)。

當(dang)加在三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)射結的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓大于(yu)(yu)PN結的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通電(dian)壓，并且處于(yu)(yu)某一(yi)恰當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)時，三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)射結正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)偏置，集電(dian)結反向(xiang)(xiang)偏置，這時基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)對集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)起著控制作用，使(shi)三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)具(ju)有電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，其(qi)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)大倍數(shu)β=ΔIc/ΔIb，這時三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)處放(fang)(fang)(fang)大狀(zhuang)態。當(dang)加在三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)發(fa)(fa)射結的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓小于(yu)(yu)PN結的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通電(dian)壓，基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)零，集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)發(fa)(fa)射極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)都(dou)為(wei)零，三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)這時失去(qu)了(le)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)大作用，集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)發(fa)(fa)射極(ji)(ji)(ji)之間相當(dang)于(yu)(yu)開關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷開狀(zhuang)態，我們(men)稱三(san)(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)處于(yu)(yu)截止的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態。

三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)和(he)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)都是半導體(ti)器件，但(dan)它(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)和(he)結構(gou)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同。二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)只有兩個電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，即正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是將電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)限制(zhi)在一(yi)個方向上，即只能(neng)從正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)向負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，而不能(neng)反向流(liu)(liu)(liu)動。因(yin)此，二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)通常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)。而三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)有三(san)個電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，即發(fa)射極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是放大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。當電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)從基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)時，它(ta)(ta)可以控制(zhi)從集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)小。因(yin)此，三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)通常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)放大(da)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)開關電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)。此外(wai)，三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)比二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)更(geng)加復雜，需要(yao)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)步驟(zou)來制(zhi)造(zao)。因(yin)此，三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本也(ye)比二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)高。我們(men)將ΔIc/ΔIb的(de)(de)(de)(de)比值稱為晶體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放大(da)倍數，用(yong)(yong)符號(hao)"β"表示。

三(san)(san)極管(guan)(guan)是一種常見的(de)(de)半導體器件，廣(guang)泛應用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)。它的(de)(de)主要作用(yong)是放(fang)(fang)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)于放(fang)(fang)大(da)、開關、穩壓(ya)(ya)、調節等多種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。在(zai)(zai)放(fang)(fang)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，三(san)(san)極管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)將微弱(ruo)的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)放(fang)(fang)大(da)成較大(da)的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)，使得信(xin)號(hao)(hao)能夠被(bei)后續電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)正確處(chu)理(li)。在(zai)(zai)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，三(san)(san)極管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)通(tong)斷，實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)開關功能。在(zai)(zai)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，三(san)(san)極管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)過調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩定(ding)在(zai)(zai)一個(ge)固定(ding)的(de)(de)值。在(zai)(zai)調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，三(san)(san)極管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)過調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，實現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)調節和(he)控制(zhi)。三(san)(san)極管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)工作需要滿足一定(ding)的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)大(da)范圍和(he)線性(xing)度(du)。廣(guang)州低VF三(san)(san)極管(guan)(guan)特性(xing)

三(san)極(ji)管(guan)的參數可以通過調整電路元件來實現變(bian)化(hua)。梅(mei)州本地三(san)極(ji)管(guan)工作原理

處于(yu)放大(da)(da)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的特征是(shi)發射(she)結(jie)處于(yu)正向偏置(zhi)，集電結(jie)處于(yu)反向偏置(zhi)。這也是(shi)可以(yi)使用電壓表測試發射(she)結(jie)，集電結(jie)的電壓值判定三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)工作狀(zhuang)況的原理(li)。開(kai)關三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)正是(shi)基于(yu)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的開(kai)關特性來工作的。貼(tie)(tie)片(pian)(pian)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)和插(cha)件(jian)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的，只不(bu)過(guo)(guo)是(shi)封(feng)裝不(bu)同而已。貼(tie)(tie)片(pian)(pian)更(geng)(geng)小，省空(kong)間(jian)和免去(qu)人(ren)工插(cha)件(jian)。貼(tie)(tie)片(pian)(pian)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)和插(cha)件(jian)三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的，只不(bu)過(guo)(guo)是(shi)封(feng)裝不(bu)同而已。貼(tie)(tie)片(pian)(pian)更(geng)(geng)小，省空(kong)間(jian)和免去(qu)人(ren)工插(cha)件(jian)。插(cha)件(jian)一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)TO-92封(feng)裝，而貼(tie)(tie)片(pian)(pian)一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)SOT-23封(feng)裝。兩者(zhe)在放大(da)(da)參數上(shang)基本是(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的。梅州本地三極(ji)管(guan)(guan)工作原理(li)

本文來(lai)自沈陽喜納多采暖工程有(you)限公(gong)司(si)：//zjlong.cn/Article/14e399840.html