電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端口通常(chang)會采用(yong)一(yi)個反向(xiang)二(er)(er)極(ji)管來(lai)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源避免受(shou)到反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞！如(ru)下圖所示，幾乎絕(jue)大(da)部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源都(dou)會在(zai)(zai)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端口添加一(yi)個甚(shen)至(zhi)多個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)。這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)起到濾除輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)紋波和噪聲，而且(qie)提供額外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能用(yong)于減小在(zai)(zai)負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動態變化時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)突(tu)升或突(tu)降的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)可(ke)以承受(shou)一(yi)些(xie)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，但也不會很高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)1V到1.5V，過高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)漏甚(shen)至(zhi)更糟(zao)糕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。反向(xiang)保護(hu)二(er)(er)極(ji)管可(ke)以限制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)極(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以內，而且(qie)保護(hu)二(er)(er)極(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)流(liu)值至(zhi)少應該與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一(yi)致。觸發二(er)(er)極(ji)管又稱雙向(xiang)觸發二(er)(er)極(ji)管（DIAC）屬三層結構(gou)，具有對稱性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)端半導體器(qi)件。東莞(guan)二(er)(er)極(ji)管作用(yong)

發光(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)我(wo)(wo)們生活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較常見的(de)(de)，比(bi)如說：商業的(de)(de)走(zou)字燈，交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)燈，LED屏(ping)幕(mu)，LED燈泡等(deng)等(deng)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)用鍺或(huo)者硅半(ban)(ban)導(dao)體(ti)材料做成的(de)(de)，半(ban)(ban)導(dao)體(ti)材料導(dao)電(dian)(dian)性能在(zai)常溫下(xia)介(jie)于導(dao)體(ti)和絕緣體(ti)之(zhi)間，一百(bai)多(duo)年前就(jiu)有(you)這(zhe)個(ge)東西了，是(shi)(shi)半(ban)(ban)導(dao)體(ti)器(qi)(qi)件家族中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)元老了。發光(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)只是(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一，還有(you)許多(duo)不同用途的(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)：整流二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、穩(wen)壓(ya)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、光(guang)電(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、開關二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。整流二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)我(wo)(wo)們生活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)較常見，都用在(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)流轉直流的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：手機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，電(dian)(dian)腦充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)等(deng)。東莞晶體(ti)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)出(chu)廠價(jia)環形(xing)調(diao)制專門(men)用的(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)向特性一致性好的(de)(de)四個(ge)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)組合件。

二(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)十分常(chang)用(yong)的基礎(chu)元器件。在(zai)主(zhu)回路(lu)中，串聯一(yi)個二(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)，是(shi)利用(yong)二(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)的單(dan)向導電(dian)的特性(xing)，實現了(le)較簡(jian)單(dan)可靠的低(di)成(cheng)本防反(fan)接(jie)功(gong)能(neng)電(dian)路(lu)。這種低(di)成(cheng)本方案(an)一(yi)般在(zai)小電(dian)流的場合，類似小玩具等。因為二(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)導通會有一(yi)個0.7V（硅(gui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)）的導通壓降，如果實際電(dian)流很(hen)大的話(hua)，那么(me)就會產生一(yi)個熱(re)損耗，會導致發熱(re)。而且如果反(fan)接(jie)的電(dian)壓很(hen)大的話(hua)，超過反(fan)向截止電(dian)壓，也會擊(ji)穿二(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)本身，導致二(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)失效，起不到防反(fan)接(jie)的功(gong)能(neng)，從(cong)而不能(neng)起到保護后級電(dian)路(lu)的作(zuo)用(yong)了(le)。

肖特(te)基二(er)極(ji)(ji)管（SchottkyBarrierDiode）它是具有肖特(te)基特(te)性的"金屬半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)結"的二(er)極(ji)(ji)管。其(qi)正向起(qi)始(shi)電壓較(jiao)低(di)。其(qi)金屬層除(chu)材料(liao)(liao)外，還(huan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)采用金、鉬、鎳、鈦等材料(liao)(liao)。其(qi)半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)材料(liao)(liao)采用硅或(huo)砷(shen)化(hua)鎵，多為N型半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)。這種器件是由多數載流(liu)(liu)(liu)子導(dao)(dao)電的，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)，其(qi)反(fan)向飽和電流(liu)(liu)(liu)較(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)少數載流(liu)(liu)(liu)子導(dao)(dao)電的PN結大(da)得多。由于肖特(te)基二(er)極(ji)(ji)管中少數載流(liu)(liu)(liu)子的存(cun)貯效應(ying)甚微，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)頻(pin)率響只為RC時(shi)間常數限制(zhi)，因而，它是高頻(pin)和快速開關(guan)的理想器件。其(qi)工作頻(pin)率可達(da)100GHz。并且，MIS（金屬－絕緣(yuan)體(ti)－半(ban)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)）肖特(te)基二(er)極(ji)(ji)管則可以(yi)(yi)(yi)用來制(zhi)作太(tai)陽能電池或(huo)發光二(er)極(ji)(ji)管。在規定散熱條件下，二(er)極(ji)(ji)管使用中不要超過二(er)極(ji)(ji)管比較(jiao)大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)值。

二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件，具有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)PN結，可(ke)(ke)以在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)起到(dao)整流、檢波(bo)、開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、穩壓等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。由于(yu)其具有(you)(you)體積(ji)小、功耗低、可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)高、易于(yu)制(zhi)造等(deng)優點，被(bei)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備和(he)(he)系統中(zhong)。二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)類型有(you)(you)很多，其中(zhong)常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)是硅(gui)(gui)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)鍺二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。硅(gui)(gui)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又可(ke)(ke)以分(fen)為(wei)普通硅(gui)(gui)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)肖特(te)基(ji)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)，它(ta)們都具有(you)(you)單向導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)，可(ke)(ke)以通過整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)將交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。此外，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)還可(ke)(ke)以作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)使(shi)用(yong)，用(yong)于(yu)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)通斷。在(zai)穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)(ke)以作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)反向擊穿(chuan)器件，將過高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓鉗位(wei)在(zai)安全(quan)范(fan)圍內。除了以上(shang)基(ji)本(ben)應(ying)用(yong)外，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)還有(you)(you)其他一(yi)(yi)(yi)些特(te)殊用(yong)途。例如，利用(yong)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容特(te)性(xing)可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)于(yu)濾波(bo)器、旁路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)等(deng)；利用(yong)其伏安特(te)性(xing)可(ke)(ke)以制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)(ke)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器；利用(yong)其溫度特(te)性(xing)可(ke)(ke)以制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)溫度傳感器；利用(yong)其光學特(te)性(xing)可(ke)(ke)以制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。總之，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)種不可(ke)(ke)或(huo)缺的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件，它(ta)在(zai)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)發揮著重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。隨著科技的(de)(de)不斷發展，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)和(he)(he)應(ying)用(yong)范(fan)圍也在(zai)不斷拓(tuo)展和(he)(he)改(gai)進。硅(gui)(gui)功率開(kai)(kai)關(guan)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)具有(you)(you)高速導通與(yu)截止的(de)(de)能(neng)力。東(dong)莞晶(jing)體二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)出廠價

對(dui)高(gao)傳(chuan)導鍵型二(er)極管而言(yan)，能夠得到更優良的(de)特性(xing)。這類二(er)極管，在(zai)負荷(he)電阻特別(bie)低的(de)情況下，整(zheng)流效率較高(gao)。東莞二(er)極管作用

二(er)(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)：整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低的(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換成單向(xiang)(xiang)脈(mo)動性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過程，整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路主(zhu)要(yao)由整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)組成。經過整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路之后的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)已經不是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，而(er)是(shi)一種含有直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)混(hun)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，習慣上稱單向(xiang)(xiang)脈(mo)動性(xing)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)；穩壓(ya)，具備穩壓(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)叫做穩壓(ya)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)，英文名稱Zener diode，又叫齊納二(er)(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)PN結反向(xiang)(xiang)擊穿狀態，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)可在很大范圍內變(bian)化而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)基(ji)本不變(bian)。東(dong)莞二(er)(er)(er)(er)極管(guan)(guan)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)

本文來自沈(shen)陽喜納多采暖工程有限公司：//zjlong.cn/Article/74f399879.html