電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)口通常會采用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)來保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源避免受(shou)到反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞(huai)！如(ru)下圖所(suo)示(shi)，幾乎絕大部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源都會在輸(shu)出(chu)端(duan)口添加一(yi)個(ge)甚(shen)至多個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)。這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)起到濾除輸(shu)出(chu)紋(wen)波和噪聲，而(er)且提供額外的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)用(yong)于(yu)減小在負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)動態變化時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)突升或突降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)可以承受(shou)一(yi)些反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，但也不會很高，一(yi)般(ban)在1V到1.5V，過高的(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泄漏甚(shen)至更(geng)糟糕的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)保護二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)可以限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以內，而(er)且保護二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐流(liu)(liu)值至少應該與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)一(yi)致(zhi)。觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)又稱雙向(xiang)(xiang)觸(chu)(chu)發(fa)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)（DIAC）屬三層(ceng)結構，具有對稱性的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)端(duan)半導體器件。東莞二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)作(zuo)用(yong)

發光(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)在我們生活(huo)中是(shi)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)常見的(de)(de)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)如說：商業的(de)(de)走字(zi)燈(deng)，交通燈(deng)，LED屏幕，LED燈(deng)泡(pao)等(deng)等(deng)。二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種用(yong)鍺或(huo)者(zhe)硅(gui)半導(dao)(dao)體材料(liao)做成的(de)(de)，半導(dao)(dao)體材料(liao)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)性能在常溫下介于導(dao)(dao)體和絕緣體之間，一(yi)(yi)百多年(nian)前就有這(zhe)個東(dong)西了，是(shi)半導(dao)(dao)體器(qi)件家族中的(de)(de)元老了。發光(guang)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)只(zhi)是(shi)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)其中之一(yi)(yi)，還有許多不同用(yong)途的(de)(de)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)：整(zheng)流(liu)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)、穩壓二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)、光(guang)電(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)、開關二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)等(deng)。整(zheng)流(liu)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)在我們生活(huo)中比(bi)(bi)(bi)較(jiao)常見，都用(yong)在交流(liu)轉(zhuan)直流(liu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路中：手機充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)腦充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)動車充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)等(deng)等(deng)。東(dong)莞晶(jing)體二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)出廠(chang)價環形調(diao)制專門(men)用(yong)的(de)(de)二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)就是(shi)正向特性一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)性好的(de)(de)四個二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)組合件。

二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)十分常(chang)用的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)元器件。在主(zhu)回路(lu)中(zhong)，串聯一(yi)(yi)個二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)，是(shi)利用二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)單(dan)向導(dao)電的(de)(de)特(te)性，實現了(le)較簡單(dan)可靠的(de)(de)低成(cheng)本防反(fan)接(jie)(jie)功能電路(lu)。這種低成(cheng)本方案一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在小電流的(de)(de)場(chang)合，類似小玩具等。因為二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)導(dao)通(tong)會有一(yi)(yi)個0.7V（硅管(guan)(guan)）的(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)壓降，如(ru)果(guo)實際電流很(hen)大的(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)，那么就(jiu)會產生一(yi)(yi)個熱損(sun)耗，會導(dao)致發(fa)熱。而(er)且如(ru)果(guo)反(fan)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)電壓很(hen)大的(de)(de)話(hua)(hua)，超過反(fan)向截止電壓，也(ye)會擊穿(chuan)二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)本身，導(dao)致二(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)失效，起不到(dao)防反(fan)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)功能，從而(er)不能起到(dao)保護(hu)后(hou)級電路(lu)的(de)(de)作用了(le)。

肖(xiao)特基(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)（SchottkyBarrierDiode）它是(shi)具有肖(xiao)特基(ji)(ji)特性(xing)的"金屬半(ban)導(dao)體結(jie)"的二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)。其正(zheng)向起始電(dian)壓(ya)較(jiao)低。其金屬層除材(cai)料外，還可以(yi)采用(yong)金、鉬、鎳、鈦等材(cai)料。其半(ban)導(dao)體材(cai)料采用(yong)硅或砷(shen)化鎵，多(duo)為(wei)N型半(ban)導(dao)體。這種器件(jian)是(shi)由多(duo)數(shu)載(zai)流(liu)子導(dao)電(dian)的，所以(yi)，其反向飽和(he)電(dian)流(liu)較(jiao)以(yi)少(shao)數(shu)載(zai)流(liu)子導(dao)電(dian)的PN結(jie)大得多(duo)。由于(yu)肖(xiao)特基(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)少(shao)數(shu)載(zai)流(liu)子的存(cun)貯效(xiao)應甚微，所以(yi)其頻率響只為(wei)RC時(shi)間常數(shu)限制(zhi)，因而(er)，它是(shi)高頻和(he)快速開關的理想器件(jian)。其工作頻率可達100GHz。并且(qie)，MIS（金屬－絕緣體－半(ban)導(dao)體）肖(xiao)特基(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)則可以(yi)用(yong)來(lai)制(zhi)作太陽能電(dian)池或發光二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)。在(zai)規定散熱條件(jian)下(xia)，二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)使用(yong)中(zhong)不要超過二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)(guan)比較(jiao)大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)值。

二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)是(shi)一(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元件，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有一(yi)個PN結，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)起到整流、檢波、開關、穩壓(ya)等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。由于其(qi)(qi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有體積小(xiao)、功(gong)耗低、可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)高、易于制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造等(deng)優(you)點，被(bei)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備和(he)系統中(zhong)。二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)類型有很多(duo)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)常見(jian)的(de)是(shi)硅(gui)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)和(he)鍺二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)。硅(gui)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)又可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)分為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)硅(gui)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)和(he)肖(xiao)特基二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)等(deng)，它(ta)們都(dou)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有單向導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)過整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)將交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此外(wai)，二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)開關管(guan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)通(tong)斷。在(zai)穩壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)反向擊穿器件，將過高的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)鉗位在(zai)安全范圍內。除了以(yi)(yi)(yi)上基本應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)外(wai)，二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)還有其(qi)(qi)他一(yi)些特殊用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。例如，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容特性(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于濾波器、旁路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)等(deng)；利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)伏(fu)安特性(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器；利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)溫度特性(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)溫度傳感器；利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)光學特性(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)等(deng)。總之(zhi)，二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)是(shi)一(yi)種不(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元件，它(ta)在(zai)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)發揮著重要的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。隨著科技的(de)不(bu)斷發展，二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)性(xing)能和(he)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍也在(zai)不(bu)斷拓展和(he)改進。硅(gui)功(gong)率開關二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有高速(su)導(dao)通(tong)與(yu)截(jie)止的(de)能力。東(dong)莞晶體二(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)出廠(chang)價

對高(gao)傳導鍵型二極管而言，能(neng)夠得到更優良的特性(xing)。這類二極管，在負荷(he)電(dian)阻(zu)特別低的情(qing)況(kuang)下，整流效率較高(gao)。東莞二極管作(zuo)用

二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)的作(zuo)用(yong)：整流(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的作(zuo)用(yong)是將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)輸出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低的交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換成單向(xiang)脈動性直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就是交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的整流(liu)(liu)過(guo)程，整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)主要由整流(liu)(liu)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)組(zu)成。經過(guo)整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)之(zhi)后的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)已經不(bu)是交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，而(er)是一種含有直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的混合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，習慣上稱(cheng)單向(xiang)脈動性直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)；穩壓(ya)，具(ju)備穩壓(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)的二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)叫做穩壓(ya)二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)，英文名稱(cheng)Zener diode，又叫齊納二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)。利用(yong)PN結反向(xiang)擊穿狀態，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可在很(hen)大范(fan)圍(wei)內變(bian)化而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)基本不(bu)變(bian)。東莞二極(ji)管(guan)(guan)作(zuo)用(yong)

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